Calling irrelevant terms predicts creativeness.
 Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in regulating the progression of cerebral ischemia. LncRNA H19 was significantly up-regulated under ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage and implicatedin I/R injury progression, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/R (1 h/24 h) to build an I/R injury model and the infarct volume and neurological deficit were assessed. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R, 3 h/24 h) injury model. Expression of genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR or western blotting. Flow cytometry and TUNEL were performed to examine apoptosis. Cell viability was determined with CCK8 assay. LDH, MDA, SOD levels were evaluated using commercial detection kits. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the binding between H19 and miR-19a-3p, as well miR-19a-3p and PTEN. The results showed that H19 was up-regulated whereas miR-19a-3p was down-regulated in I/R tissues and OGD/R induced cells.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html  H19 aggravated I/R or OGD/R caused oxidative stress and apoptosis via PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. H19 regulated PI3K/Akt signaling through acting as a ceRNA for miR-19a-3p to target PTEN. H19 knockdown and miR-19a-3p overexpression relieved I/R or OGD/R induced neuronal cell oxidative stress and apoptosis. H19/miR-19a-3p/PTEN axis could promote cerebral I/R injury via PI3K/Akt pathway. These demonstrated a mechanism how H19 participates in I/R injury, and provided us a potential target for I/R injury diagnosis and treatment. The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. p-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from the read-across analog benzyl alcohol (CAS # 100-51-6) show that p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol is not expected to be genotoxic. Data from the read-across analog benzyl alcohol (CAS # 100-51-6) provide a calculated MOE >100 for the repeated dose, developmental, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints. The reproductive toxicity endpoint was evaluated using the TTC for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure is below the TTC (0.03 mg/kg/day).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html  Data from read-across analog benzyl alcohol (CAS # 100-51-6) provided p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol a NESIL of 5900 μg/cm2 for the skin sensitization endpoint. The phototoxicity and photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on UV spectra; p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol was found not to be a PBT as per the IFRA Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., PEC/PNEC) are less then 1. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a potent neurotoxic agent that is responsible for impaired neuronal development and is associated with aging. Here, it was demonstrated that extracts of Bacopa monnieri (BM), a traditional Ayurvedic medicine, diminished the B[a]P-induced apoptosis and senescence in human astrocytes. BM was demonstrated to protect the immortalized primary fetal astrocytes (IMPHFA) from B[a]P-induced apoptosis and senescence by reducing the damaged mitochondria that produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, it was shown that B[a]P-triggered G2 arrest could be altered by BM, thus indicating that BM could reverse the cell cycle arrest and mediate a normal cell cycle in IMPHFA cells. In addition, the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans was assessed, which confirmed these effects in the presence of BM, compared to the B[a]P-treated group. Furthermore, the anti-senescence and anti-apoptotic activities of BM were observed to be mediated through the protective effect of mitophagy, and inhibition of mitophagy could not protect the astrocytes from mitochondrial ROS-induced apoptosis and senescence in BM-treated cells. Moreover, it was revealed that BM induced Parkin-dependent mitophagy to exert its cytoprotective activity in IMPHFA cells. In conclusion, the anti-senescence and anti-apoptotic effects of BM in astrocytes could combat pollution and aging-related neurological disorders. BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic neurological disease worldwide and a major cause of epilepsy. Spain is the country reporting the highest number of NCC imported cases in Europe. METHODOLOGY Retrospective case series of NCC patients registered in the +REDIVI Network from October 1, 2009 to July 2018. A specific questionnaire, including clinical and diagnostic characteristics, was created and sent to the collaborator centers. RESULTS 46 cases were included in the analysis. 55% were male, mean age of 40 years. 95.6% were migrants. The median duration since migration from an endemic area was 10 years. Predominant nationalities were Ecuadorians (50%) and Bolivians (30.4%). Frequent locations were parenchymal (87%), subarachnoid (26.1%) and intraventricular cysts (10.9%). Serological analysis was performed in 91.3%, being 54.8% positive. Most prevalent clinical manifestations were persistent headache (60.9%), epilepsy (43.5%) and visual changes (13%). Patients were mainly treated with albendazole (76.1%), corticosteroids (67.4%), and anticonvulsionants (52.2%). 82.5% had a favorable clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Most NCC cases were long-standing migrants. Few clinical differences were observed depending on the cysticerci location. The treatment was often not according to current recommendations, and no uniform criteria were followed when it came to the therapeutic regimen. NCC case management in Spain (including clinician awareness and laboratory capacity improvements) needs to be strengthened. The European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA) convened a 'Blue Sky Workshop' on new ideas for non-animal approaches to predict repeated-dose systemic toxicity. The aim of the Workshop was to formulate strategic ideas to improve and increase the applicability, implementation and acceptance of modern non-animal methods to determine systemic toxicity. The Workshop concluded that good progress is being made to assess repeated dose toxicity without animals taking advantage of existing knowledge in toxicology, thresholds of toxicological concern, adverse outcome pathways and read-across workflows. These approaches can be supported by New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) utilising modern molecular technologies and computational methods. Recommendations from the Workshop were based around the needs for better chemical safety assessment how to strengthen the evidence base for decision making; to develop, standardise and harmonise NAMs for human toxicity; and the improvement in the applicability and acceptance of novel techniques.