A significant proportion of boys were present in groups 3, 4, and 5. A significant proportion of students whose current educational institutions were inside the prefecture were present in group 3. The level of anxiety was associated with academic course, but not with subjective knowledge of radiation. Contrarily, in the qualitative analysis of the free text, 31% considered "knowledge about radiation" as the reason for the reduction in anxiety level. At the time of investigation, most young people were not anxious about radiation; however, approximately 20% still had strong anxiety. Continuous risk communication is necessary; furthermore, that stabilization and support related to life in general is important.Nowadays, it is highly desirable to achieve high strength, flexibility and electrochemical performance for supercapacitor electrodes simultaneously. Herein, few-layer MXene flakes are assembled into free-standing films by facile vacuum-filtration method, in which hydrophilic-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further incorporated. The morphology of MXene/CNT composite films evolves from compact to 'CNT in MXene' to laminar to 'MXene in CNT' and finally to separate structures when increasing the CNT weight percentage. Among them, the laminar structure in which thin MXene and CNT layers are stacked alternately is demonstrated to be the best. The laminar MXene/CNT film possesses much higher strength, elongation and specific capacitance than MXene film due to the engineered porosity, good interaction between MXene flakes and CNTs, and proper CNTs' distribution. As a result, high specific capacitance of 423.4 F g-1at 1 A g-1and capacitance retention of nearly 60% at 10 A g-1are accomplished. Moreover, the composite film is flexible and withstands bending up to 180°, indicating that the proposed laminar MXene/CNT composite film is a superb candidate for flexible supercapacitors.Purpose.To investigate the feasibility of using a single MRI acquisition for fiducial marker identification and synthetic CT (sCT) generation towards MRI-only treatment planning for prostate external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).Methods.Seven prostate cancer patients undergoing EBRT, each with three implanted gold fiducial markers, participated in this study. In addition to the planning CT scan, all patients were scanned on a 3 T MR scanner with a 3D double-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was performed for marker localization. QSM-derived marker positions were compared to those from CT. The bulk density assignment technique for sCT generation was adopted. The magnitude GRE images were segmented into muscle, bone, fat, and air using a combination of unsupervised intensity-based classification of soft tissue and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for bone segmentation.Results.All implanted markers were visualized and accurately identified (average error 0.7 ± 0.5 mm). QSM generated distinctive contrast for hemorrhage, calcifications, and gold fiducial markers. The estimated susceptibility/HU values on QSM/CT for gold and calcifications were 31.5 ± 2.9 ppm/1220 ± 100 HU and 14.6 ± 0.9 ppm/440 ± 100 HU, respectively. The intensity-based soft tissue classification resulted in an average Dice score of 0.97 ± 0.02; bone segmentation using CNN resulted in an average Dice score of 0.93 ± 0.03.Conclusion.This work indicates the feasibility of simultaneous fiducial marker identification and sCT generation using a single MRI acquisition. Future works includes evaluation of the proposed method in a large cohort of patients with optimized acquisition parameters as well as dosimetric evaluations.Nonconjugated polymer dots (NPDs) were successfully used as fluorescent probes to selectively and sensitively detect picric acid (PA). The NPDs were prepared from polyethylenimine and 1,4-phthalaldehyde under mild conditions and had excitation and emission maxima of 351 and 474 nm, respectively. Fluorescence of the NPDs was efficiently quenched by PA through the inner filter effect because of the overlapping PA absorption band and NPD excitation spectrum. The NPDs allowed PA to be determined with a high degree of sensitivity. The linear range was 0-140μM and the detection limit was 0.5μM. The work involved developing a novel method for synthesizing NPDs and a promising platform for determining PA in environmental media.Plasmonic nanostructures are successfully demonstrated in solar cells due to their broad spectra-selective resonance in the range of ultraviolet to near-infrared, and thus light absorption can be mostly improved and power conversion efficiency (PCE) further. Here, we demonstrate plasmonic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using collapsible Au nanofingers to build photoanode to enhance light absorption.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dmx-5084.html  In this plasmonic DSSCs, by balancing local field enhancement due to gap-plasmon resonance and dye fluorescence quenching, the optimal gap size in collapsed Au/Al2O3/Au nanofingers is designed by twice the Al2O3thickness and then deposited a TiO2layer as photoanode. The results show that the PCE of DSSCs is mostly improved as compared to DSSCs with photoanode of Au/Al2O3/TiO2films, which can be ascribed to the coupled local field enhancement within the sub-nanometer gaps. In addition, fluorescence of dyes on plasmonic nanofingers is nearly 10 times higher than plain Au/Al2O3/TiO2films, which further proves the dye absorption enhancement. These plasmonic nanofingers enable the precise engineering of gap-plasmon modes and can be scaled up to wafer scale with low cost by the nanoimprint lithography technique, which suggests the feasibility of applying our result in constructing the photoanode for other types of solar cells.Colloidal gels constitute an important class of materials found in many contexts and with a wide range of applications. Yet as matter far from equilibrium, gels exhibit a variety of time--dependent behaviours, which can be perplexing, such as an increase in strength prior to catastrophic failure. Remarkably, such complex phenomena are faithfully captured by an extremely simple model -- ``sticky spheres''. Here we review progress in our understanding of colloidal gels made through the use of real space analysis and particle resolved studies. We consider the challenges of obtaining a suitable experimental system where the refractive index and density of the colloidal particles is matched to that of the solvent. We review work to obtain a particle--level mechanism for rigidity in gels and the evolution of our understanding of time-dependent behaviour, from early-time aggregation to ageing, before considering the response of colloidal gels to deformation and then move on to more complex systems of anisotropic particles and mixtures.