oma in any cases, also when every procedure has been temped CONLUSIONS The prevention of distal neuroma is actually a challenge, without a well known strategy due to the variability of response of nervous tissue to injury. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine changes in functional status, pain, and return to work/study (RTW/study) over 12 months post-injury in motorcyclists admitted to a large hospital in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. METHODS A prospective study was undertaken with adult motorcyclists who were injured due to a crash and were admitted to hospital for more than 24 h. Pain and functional status data were collected at baseline (time of injury), and follow-up at 6 and 12 months post-injury. RTW/study was collected at 6 and 12 months post-injury. Multilevel mixed models and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the changes in outcomes and predictors of outcomes including age, sex, education, Injury Severity Score, length of stay in the hospital and health-related quality of life. RESULTS A total of 352 hospitalised motorcyclists were followed-up. The proportion of motorcyclist RTW/study was 60% (n = 165) at 6 months and 82% (n = 210) at 12 months post-injury. After adjusting for covariates, pain scores improved significantly at 6 months (β = -3.31, 95% CI -3.61, -3.01) and 12 months post-injury (β = -3.62, 95% CI -3.92, -3.32) compared to baseline. Functional status increased significantly by 2.89 points (95% CI 2.64, 3.13) at 6 months and by 3.51 points (95% CI 3.27, 3.75) at 12 months compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS The study found improvements in outcomes over the study period, although there was ongoing disability at 12 months post-injury (18% had not RTW/study). This study provides further evidence on the burden of motorcycle injuries in Vietnam and priorities for research, and further informs treatment and rehabilitation service planning. Highly efficient estimation of the phase noise is important for system optimization and signal processing in frequency modulated continuous wave system.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jtc-801.html  Although many contributions investigate different technologies, almost all of them consider the input signal as a single-source signal without the leakage signal propagating from transmitter to receiver. In this paper, utilizing the signals correlation, we aim to estimate the phase noise when considering the leakage signal. For the correlation computation, the method combining the information geometry theory is proposed to avoid the complex determination of optimal lag in traditional approach. Differently, the statistical characteristics of signals are just the primary concerns. The results verify the excellent performance of our method. The mean estimated error reduces by 15.5% and the efficiency improves by 58.6%. BACKGROUND We sought to evaluate the role of trauma center designation in the association of race and insurance status with disposition to rehabilitation centers among elderly patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). METHODS The National Trauma Data Bank (2014-2015) was used to identify elderly (age ≥ 65) patients with isolated moderate to severe blunt TBI who survived to discharge. Race, insurance status, and outcomes were stratified by trauma center designation and compared. RESULTS 3,292 patients met the inclusion criteria. Black patients were 1.5 times less likely (AOR 0.64, p = 0.01) and Latino patients were 1.7 times less likely (AOR 0.58, p = 0 0.007) to be discharged to rehabilitation centers as compared with White patients. Asian patients at Level I hospitals were more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation centers if they had private vs. non-private insurance (42.9% versus 12.7%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Black and Latino patients were less likely to be discharged to rehabilitation centers compared to White patients. The etiology of these disparities deserves further study. BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has a wide range of technical difficulty. Preoperative risk stratification is essential for adequate planning and patient counseling. We hypothesized that gallbladder wall thickness (GWT) is more objective marker than symptom duration in predicting complexity, as determined by operative time (OT), intraoperative events (IE), and postoperative complications. METHODS All adult patients who underwent LC during 2010-2018 were included. GWT, measured on imaging and on the histopathologic exam, was divided into three groups 7 mm. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the association between GWT and 1) operative time, 2) the incidence of IE and 3) postoperative outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1089 patients, subjects to LC, were included in the study. GWT was positively correlated with median OT (p  less then  0.001), the incidence of IE (p  less then  0.001) and median length of hospital stay (p  less then  0.001). GWT independently predicted IE (OR = 2.1 95% CI 1.3-3.4) and outperformed symptom duration, which was not significantly associated with any of the outcomes (p = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS GWT independently predicted IE and may serve as an objective marker of LC complexity. The surveillance strategy for patients taking low dose cabergoline for hyperprolactinaemia is controversial. As more evidence has emerged that the risks of cardiac valvulopathy in this population of patients are low, fewer and fewer endocrinologists adhere strictly to the original medicines and healthcare products agency MHRA guidance of "at least" annual echocardiography. Strict adherence to this guidance would be costly in monetary terms (£5.76 million/year in the UK) and also in resource use (90,000 extra echocardiograms/year). This article reviews the proposed pathophysiological mechanism underlying the phenomenon of dopamine agonist valvulopathy, the characteristic echocardiographic changes seen, summarises the published literature on the incidence of valvulopathy with low dose cabergoline and examines the previous and current evidence-based screening guidelines. BACKGROUND NANCI, an intergenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is essential for buffering NKX2-1 expression during embryonic development and in adult tissue. We analyzed NANCI and NKX2-1 in human lung embryonic samples and adult lung tissues and evaluated their potential as prognostic markers in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS AND RESULTS NANCI and NKX2-1 expression was assessed by TaqMan assays in 18 human embryonic samples from 8 to 13 weeks, 59 non-tumoral (NT) lung tissue samples, and 98 stage I NSCLC tumor samples. NANCI and NKX2-1 expression in embryonic and NSCLC samples were downregulated in comparison to adult NT tissue. Patients with low expression of NANCI had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with high levels (47.6 vs 69.3 months, P=0.032 and 57.7 vs 77.6 months, P=0.021, respectively). When the expression levels of NANCI and NKX2-1 were evaluated in combination, four groups were identified (high NANCI/high NKX2-1, low NANCI/high NKX2-1, high NANCI/low NKX2-1 and low NANCI/low NKX2-1) with differential impact on DFS (P=0.