PURPOSE Examine (1) the distribution of experiencing the death of a parent or sibling (family death) by race/ethnicity and (2) how a family death affects attaining a college degree. METHODS Participants (n = 8984) were from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 aged 13-17 at baseline in 1997 and 29-32 in 2013. We examined the prevalence of family deaths by age group and race/ethnicity and used covariate-adjusted logistic regression to assess the relationship between a family death and college degree attainment. RESULTS A total of 4.2% of white youth experienced a family death, as did 5.0% of Hispanics, 8.3% of Blacks, 9.1% of Asians, and 13.8% of American Indians (group test P  less then  .001). A family death from ages 13-22 was associated with lower odds of obtaining a bachelor's degree by ages 29-32 (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50, 0.84), compared with no family death. The effect of a death was largest during college years (age 19-22) (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39, 0.82). CONCLUSIONS Young people of color are more likely to have a sibling or parent die; and family death during college years is associated with reduced odds of obtaining a college degree. Racial disparities in mortality might affect social determinants of health of surviving relatives, and college policies are a potential intervention point. OBJECT To assess the risk factors for and surgical treatment of delayed trapped temporal horn (dTTH) in patients who had undergone removal of lateral ventricular trigone meningioma. METHOD Patients with lateral ventricular trigone meningioma treated at our institution from 2011 to 2015 were identified. Predictors for dTTH were determined using logistic regression. Literature review and pooled analysis were also conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of surgical treatment for dTTH. RESULTS A total of 110 cases were included in the analysis. Thirteen (11.8%) cases developed dTTH following surgery. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated an association of longer operative duration with higher incidence of dTTH (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00-1.80; p = 0.049). As surgical duration prolonged from less than 3 hours to 5 hours or more, the incidence of dTTH increased in a consistent, linear fashion from 7.7% to 13.9% (p = 0.03). Six cases (46.2%, 6/13) of dTTH underwent surgical treatment for their life-threatening symptoms. Seven studies including 13 cases of dTTH in the literature were identified. Literature data, including the current series, revealed a total of 24 procedures were performed in 19 cases. Endoscopic fenestration trended toward fewer complications than shunt (7.7% vs 25.0%, p = 0.530). There were no significant differences in failure rates between the two groups (23.1% vs 25.0%, p = 1.000). CONCLUSION Patients with prolonged operative duration may be at higher risk of dTTH. Endoscopic fenestration is considered in preference to shunt placement, since it possesses equivalent success rates with fewer complications and avoids the need for a permanent implant. BACKGROUND To date, medical history and dedicated questionnaires are the fastest and easiest way to assess risks of joint metal hypersensitivity. No published studies determined the overall prevalence of hypersensitivity to metals in patients with shoulder pathologies. The purpose of this study was therefore to estimate the prevalence of metal hypersensitivity reported by patients with shoulder pathologies, and to identify patients at risk of joint metal hypersensitivity based on a dedicated questionnaire. METHODS The authors prospectively asked all adult patients consulting for shoulder pathologies between September 2018 and February 2019 at 10 centers to fill in a form. The main outcome was "reported hypersensitivity to metals," comprising belt buckles, coins, earrings, fancy jewelry, keys, leather, metallic buttons, piercings, spectacles, watch bracelets, or zips. RESULTS A total of 3217 patients agreed to fill in the survey, aged 55 ± 16 (range, 18-101) with equal proportions of men (51%) and women (49%),ests. OBJECTIVE To report the study design and one month's preliminary results of a randomized, single-masked, one-year prospective study of orthokeratology (ortho-k) in adults wearing lenses of different compression factors. METHODS Adults aged 18-38 years, with myopia of -0.75 to -5.00 D and astigmatism 0.05). Compared with baseline scores, 1-month NEI-RQL-42 subscales of dependence on correction, appearance, and satisfaction with correction significantly increased, and the glare score significantly decreased in both groups (all p less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The majority of participants were satisfied with the treatment and no serious corneal adverse effects were observed. These results demonstrate that ortho-k lenses of default and increased compression factor (1D) demonstrated similar clinical performance and ortho-k can be a safe and well-accepted option for myopia correction in adults, but long-term observation is warranted. BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery offers patients short- and long-term benefits to their health and quality of life. Currently, we see more patients with superior body mass index (BMI) looking for these benefits. Evidence-based medicine is integral in the evaluation of risks versus benefit; however, data are lacking in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVES To assess the morbidity and mortality of patients with BMI ≥70 undergoing bariatric surgery. SETTING University Hospital, Bronx, New York, United States using national database.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html  METHODS Using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database for years 2005 to 2016, we identified patients who underwent primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Patients with BMI ≥70 were assigned to the BMI >70 (BMI70+) cohort and less obese patients were assigned to the BMI less then 70 (U70) cohort. Length of stay and 30-day morbidity and mortality were compared. RESULTS A total of 163,413but was still relatively low. Our study will allow surgeons to incorporate objective data into their assessment of risk for super-obese patients pursuing bariatric surgery.