The association of the nasal microbiome with outcomes in surgical patients is poorly understood.
 
  To characterize the composition of nasal microbiota in patients undergoing clean elective surgical procedures and to examine the association between characteristics of preoperative nasal microbiota and occurrence of postoperative infection.
 
  Using a nested matched case-control design, 53 individuals who developed postoperative infection were matched (approximately 31 by age, sex, and surgical procedure) with 144 individuals who were not infected (ie, the control group). The 2 groups were selected from a prospective cohort of patients undergoing surgical procedures at 2 tertiary care university hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland, who were at high risk for postoperative infectious complications. Included individuals were aged 40 years or older; had no history of autoimmune disease, immunocompromised state, immune-modulating medication, or active infection; and were scheduled to undergo elective cardiac, vascular,d may serve as a biomarker associated with infection susceptibility in this population.
  Immigration to the US results in greater racial/ethnic diversity. However, the contribution of immigration to the diversity of the US health care professional (HCP) work force and its contribution to health care are poorly documented.
 
  To examine the sociodemographic characteristics and workforce outcomes of non-US-born and US-born HCPs.
 
  This cross-sectional study used national US Census Bureau data on US-born and non-US-born HCPs from the American Community Survey between 2010 and 2018. Demographic characteristics and occupational data for physicians, advanced practice registered nurses, physician assistants, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses or licensed vocational nurses, and other HCPs were included for analysis. Data were analyzed between December 2020 and February 2021.
 
  Nativity status, defined as US-born HCP vs non-US-born HCP (further stratified by <10 years or ≥10 years of stay in the US).
 
  Annual hours worked, proportion of work done at night, residence in medically underserved of stay worked 32.3 hours (95% CI, 19.2 to 45.4 hours) and 71.6 hours (95% CI, 65.1 to 78.2 hours) more per year, respectively. Compared with US-born HCPs, non-US-born HCPs were more likely to reside in areas with shortages of health care professionals (estimated percentage <10 years, 75.3%; ≥10 years, 62.8% vs US-born, 8.3%) and work in home health settings (estimated percentage <10 years, 17.5%; ≥10 years, 13.1% vs US-born, 12.8%).
 
  The contributions of non-US-born HCPs to US health care are substantial and vary by profession.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Greater efforts should be made to streamline their immigration process and to harmonize training and licensure requirements.
 The contributions of non-US-born HCPs to US health care are substantial and vary by profession. Greater efforts should be made to streamline their immigration process and to harmonize training and licensure requirements.
  Accumulating evidence indicates that higher blood pressure (BP) variability from one physician office visit to the next (hereafter referred to as visit-to-visit BP variability) is associated with poor outcomes. Short-term measurement (throughout 1 year) of visit-to-visit BP variability in high-risk older patients may help identify patients at increased risk of death.
 
  To evaluate whether short-term visit-to-visit BP variability is associated with increased long-term mortality risk.
 
  The US cohort of the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study (INVEST), a randomized clinical trial of 16 688 patients aged 50 years or older with hypertension and coronary artery disease, was conducted between September 2, 1997, and December 15, 2000, with in-trial follow-up through February 14, 2003. The study evaluated a calcium antagonist (sustained-release verapamil plus trandolapril) vs β-blocker (atenolol plus hydrochlorothiazide) treatment strategy. Blood pressure measurement visits were scheduled every 6 weeks foifier NCT00133692.
  Understanding youth well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic can help appropriately allocate resources and inform policies to support youth.
 
  To examine caregiver-reported changes in the psychological well-being of their children 3 to 4 months after the start of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders, and to examine the association of caregiver-reported COVID-19 exposure and family stressors with caregiver perceptions of child psychological well-being.
 
  This survey study used an anonymous survey distributed via email from June 24 to July 15, 2020, to 350 000 families of students attending public schools in Chicago, Illinois. The a priori hypotheses were that caregivers would report worsening in child psychological well-being during the closure period compared with preclosure and that exposure to COVID-19-related stressors would be associated with a higher probability of worsening child psychological well-being. Data were analyzed from September 10, 2020, to March 15, 2021.
 
  Outcomes were 7 mental health concerns anc, COVID-19 and resulting exposure to stress were associated with worse youth psychological well-being, demonstrating the need for a comprehensive public health approach that prioritizes children's well-being and draws broad public attention to the mental health needs of youth.
 In this survey study of caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 and resulting exposure to stress were associated with worse youth psychological well-being, demonstrating the need for a comprehensive public health approach that prioritizes children's well-being and draws broad public attention to the mental health needs of youth.TGFβ is essential for the generation of anti-tumor Th9 cells; on the other hand, it causes resistance against anti-tumor immunity. Despite recent progress, the underlying mechanism reconciling the double-edged effect of TGFβ signaling in Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy remains elusive. Here, we find that TGFβ-induced down-regulation of bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) represents the key mechanism preventing the sustained activation of TGFβ signaling and thus impairing Th9 inducibility. Mechanistically, BFAR mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of TGFβR1 at K268, which is critical to activate TGFβ signaling. Thus, BFAR deficiency or K268R knock-in mutation suppresses TGFβR1 ubiquitination and Th9 differentiation, thereby inhibiting Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy. More interestingly, BFAR-overexpressed Th9 cells exhibit promising therapeutic efficacy to curtail tumor growth and metastasis and promote the sensitivity of anti-PD-1-mediated checkpoint immunotherapy. Thus, our findings establish BFAR as a key TGFβ-regulated gene to fine-tune TGFβ signaling that causes Th9 induction insensitivity, and they highlight the translational potential of BFAR in promoting Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy.