https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-98059.html The high malondialdehyde levels and altered activities of antioxidant enzymes GPX, APX, and CAT in rice seedlings exposed to α-MoO3 or MoS2 NPs indicate oxidative imbalance. Between α-MoO3 and MoS2 NPs, the former shows toxic effects as reflected from the decreased levels of photosynthetic pigments at all concentrations; however, an activation of chloroplast ROS detoxification is evident in the presence of MoS2 NPs. The BCF > 1 for both α-MoO3 and MoS2 NPs and TF of 0.6-2.0 and 0.42-0.65 suggest the latter to be more environmentally safe. In conclusion, a100 ppm MoS2 NPs concentration has low translocation and less accumulation with no significant impact on growth of rice cv. HUR 3022 seedlings and appears to be environmentally safe for future applications.Municipal solid waste (MSW) is regarded to be an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, which could result in a significant impact on climate change. This study conducted analyses of both cumulative energy demand (CED) and carbon footprint (CF) indicators per reference flow (RF) and identified the relationship between both the indicators, and additionally, it made some recommendations for MSW management strategies in Pyongyang, DPR Korea, based on life cycle thinking. This present study suggested using a hybrid CED indicator and the energy-related CF indicator for the analysis of the existing MSW management system, while applying system expansion for crediting the recycled materials, the energy recovery, and the compost/fertilizer. The result showed that the CED indicator in the MSW management system accounted for - 9,569.8 MJ/RF of primary energy savings in total, corresponding to the avoided emissions of - 1,522.89 kg CO2eq/RF. The recycling and composting of waste presented energy savings due to the recycled materials and the avoided production of mineral fertilizers replaced with the compost, respectively. In addition, the incineration had some potentia