RESULTS Clinical pharmacists play a vital role in leading the industry to formulate work instructions, provide frontline medical staff with drug information, and develop innovative pharmacy services to promote the rational use of medicines with collaborative teamwork and close communication according to the epidemic situation of COVID-19. Anti-epidemic work indeed has driven the development of remote pharmacy services. CONCLUSION Facing public health emergencies, clinical pharmacists can give full play to their professional expertise, analyze the current situation rationally, formulate telehealth strategies swiftly, and work in a united and efficient manner to provide innovative pharmacy services to ensure medication safety and rational use of medicine. The presence of potent hepatotoxic cyanotoxins such as nodularin (NOD) in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, seawater and recreational waters presents a major risks to human and environmental health. Human exposure to cyanotoxins could lead to various health effects such as liver damage, jaundice, neurotoxicity and gastroenteritis. Therefore, it is critical to investigate their occurrence in environmental matrices. This study reports the use of tyre-based activated carbon (WTAC) as an adsorbent for preconcentration and removal of nodularin from environmental matrices prior to high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The preconcentration and adsorption experiments were carried out in presence of other environmental components to consider the external effect on WTAC adsorption of nodularin. Under optimum conditions, the linear dynamic range was 0.05-70 μg L- 1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The LOD and LOQ (n = 10) in the absence and in the presence of humic acids were 0.012-0.025 μg L- 1 and 0.040-0.083, n = 10), respectively. The repeatability (n = 10) and reproducibility (n = 5) of the method expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD) were 3.7 and 5.1%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of WTAC was 345 μg g -1. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the presence of humic acid has an effect on the nodularin adsorption to WTAC. However, high concentrations other coexisting ions such a Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, HCO3-, SO42- had no significant the effect on the adsorption process. The proposed technique was then used for a preconcentration and elimination of NOD trace levels in different water matrices. The results showed that the WTAC was an effective adsorbent for the preconcentration and removal of NOD from the complex matrices. AIMS We aimed to briefly review the general characteristics of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and provide a better understanding of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in people with diabetes, and its management. METHODS We searched for articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases till 02 April 2020, with the following keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "infection", "pathogenesis", "incubation period", "transmission", "clinical features", "diagnosis", "treatment", "diabetes", with interposition of the Boolean operator "AND". RESULTS The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is heterogeneous, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and death. Older age, diabetes and other comorbidities are reported as significant predictors of morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation, increased coagulation activity, immune response impairment, and potential direct pancreatic damage by SARS-CoV-2 might be among the underlying mechanisms of the association between diabetes and COVID-19. No conclusive evidence exists to support the discontinuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers or thiazolidinediones because of COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Caution should be taken to potential hypoglycemic events with the use of chloroquine in these subjects. Patient tailored therapeutic strategies, rigorous glucose monitoring and careful consideration of drug interactions might reduce adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Suggestions are made on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19, and its management. No definite conclusions can be made based on current limited evidence. Further research regarding this relationship and its clinical management is warranted. BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, practice and attitude towards photodynamic therapy (PDT) among nurse practitioners of several medical colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In addition, to appraise the implementation of PDT education in their clinical practice, we have conducted a large cohort cross-sectional study to identify their interest in PDT training, if they ever receive one. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive observational cross-sectional survey was conducted among the medical nurses in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was formulated consisting of 20 items in five sections to assess knowledge, behavior, practice and attitude of medical nurses regarding PDT. To compare behavior, knowledge and clinical perceptions with knowledge score of nurses', spearman correlation coefficient was used. RESULTS A total of 225 participants completed questionnaires were analyzed. Most of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge. 41 % of respondents agreed on the point when asked about 'awareness of the therapeutic significance of PDT'. Whereas, 61 % respondents answered to the option 'sometimes' when queried about 'do you endorse therapeutic choices of PDT to patient'. Moreover, 17 % respondents answered the option 'always' when questioned about 'do you recommend patients to consider PDT for skin melanoma, psoriasis, surgical excision, curettage and cryotherapy?' There were 26 % respondents who agreed to the question when inquired about 'how contented are you in knowing about PDT in clinical practice?'. Whereas, 93 % respondents showed their interest on hands on session on PDT. Majority of the respondents 41 % chose the option 'PDT is peripheral to my role as medical nurse.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dapagliflozin.html  CONCLUSION Nurse practitioners demonstrated good knowledge related to PDT and modest awareness about the therapeutic significance of PDT. A high number of nurse practitioners showed interest for the skilled PDT education seminars and workshops, if they ever receive in future.