Nanocyl induced, in general, a less pronounced reaction than Mitsui-7, and the cultures with human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) showed the proinflammatory response at later time points than those without MDMs. In conclusion, we present a robust alveolar model to predict inflammatory and fibrotic responses upon exposure to MWCNTs.We report the synthesis of long narrow gold nanocrystals and the study of their vibrational dynamics using inelastic light-scattering measurements. Rich experimental spectra are obtained for monodomain gold nanorods and pentagonal twinned bipyramids. Their assignment involves diameter-dependent nontotally symmetric vibrations which are modeled in the framework of continuum elasticity by taking into account simultaneously the size, shape, and crystallinity of the nanocrystals. Light scattering by vibrations with angular momenta larger than 2 is reported. It is shown to increase with the ratio of the nanocrystals diameter to the interparticle separation. It originates from the plasmonic coupling due to the self-assembly of the nanocrystals after deposition.Deep Candida albicans infection is one of the major causes of death in immunosuppressed hosts. Remodeling macrophages to phenotype M1 can decrease fungus burden and facilitate combating C. albicans under an immunosuppressive state. In this study, a nanotrinity was exploited to direct fungicidal macrophage polarization by leveraging the regulation pathways in macrophage redifferentiation. Conventional chemotherapeutic imatinib, which can abrogate M2 macrophage polarization via "shutting off" the STAT6 phosphorylation pathway, was encapsulated in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. In house-customized dual functional mannosylated chitosan oligosaccharides were then coated on the surface of the imatinib-laden nanoparticles, and thus, a mannosylated nanotrinity was achieved with ternary functions for macrophage remodeling (i) imatinib-blocked STAT6 phosphorylation pathway for decreasing M2 macrophage population; (ii) chitosan oligosaccharides-mediated TLR-4 pathway activation that could promote macrophage redifferentiation to M1 phenotype; (iii) mannose motif-enhanced macrophage targeting. After physiochemical characterization, regulatory effects of the mannosylated nanotrinity on macrophages and the anti-C. albicans efficacy were evaluated at the cellular level and animal level, respectively. The results demonstrated that our mannosylated nanotrinity could efficiently induce macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, decrease M2 phenotype production, and markedly lessen fungus burden and increased the median survival time of mice infected with C. albicans. Therefore, the mannosylated nanotrinity developed in this study could significantly induce macrophage remodeling in situ by the two-pronged process, "turning on" M1 phenotype polarization meanwhile "shutting off" M2 phenotype polarization, and thus allowed to eradicate C. albicans infection.Low drug payload and lack of tumor-targeting for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) result in an insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which seriously hinders its further clinical application. Therefore, how to improve the drug payload and tumor targeting for amplification of ROS and combine it with chemotherapy has been a huge challenge in CDT. Herein, methotrexate (MTX), gadolinium (Gd), and artesunate (ASA) were used as theranostic building blocks to be coordinately assembled into tumor-specific endogenous FeII-activated and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided self-targeting carrier-free nanoplatforms (NPs) for amplification of ROS and enhanced chemodynamic chemotherapy. The obtained ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs exhibited extremely high drug payload (∼96 wt %), excellent physiological stability, long circulating ability (half-time ∼12 h), and outstanding tumor accumulation. Moreover, ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs could be specifically uptaken by tumor cells via folate (FA) receptors and subsequently be disassembled via lysosomal acidity-induced coordination breakage, resulting in drug burst release. Most strikingly, the produced ASA could be catalyzed by tumor-specific overexpressed endogenous FeII ions to generate sufficient ROS for enhancing the main chemodynamic efficacy, which could exert a synergistic effect with the assistant chemotherapy of MTX. Interestingly, ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs caused a lower ROS generation and toxicity on normal cell lines that seldom expressed endogenous FeII ions. Under MRI guidance with assistance of self-targeting, significantly superior synergistic tumor therapy was performed on FA receptor-overexpressed tumor-bearing mice with a higher ROS generation and an almost complete elimination of tumor. This work highlights ASA-MTX-GdIII NPs as an efficient chemodynamic-chemotherapeutic agent for MRI imaging and tumor theranostics.Microencapsulation of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-loaded paraffin phase change material, PCM in a poly(melamine-formaldehyde) shell, and the respective CNT-PCM gypsum composites is explored. Although a very low level (0.001-0.1 wt %) of intramicrocapsule loading of CNT dopant does not change the thermal conductivity of the solid, it increases the measured effusivity and thermal buffering performance during phase transition. The observed effusivity of 0.05 wt % CNT-doped PCM reaches 4000 W s-0.5 m-2 K-1, which is higher than the reported effusivity of alumina and alumina bricks and an order of magnitude larger than the solid, CNT-free PCM powder. The CNT dopant (0.015 wt %) in a 30 wt % PCM-plaster composite improved the effusivity by 60% compared to the CNT-free composite, whereas the addition of the same amount of CNTs to the bulk of the plaster does not improve either the effusivity or the thermal buffering performance of the composite. The thermal enhancement is ascribed to a CNT network formation within the paraffin core.Defect formation energy as well as the charge transition level (CTL) plays a vital role in understanding the underlying mechanism of the effect of defects on material properties. However, the accurate calculation of charged defects, especially for two-dimensional materials, is still a challenging topic.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cbr-470-1.html  In this paper, we proposed a simplified scheme to rescale the CTLs from the semilocal to the hybrid functional level, which is time-saving during the charged defect calculations. Based on this method, we systematically calculated the formation energy of four kinds of intrinsic point defects in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN) by uniformly scaling the supercells by which we found a time-saving method to obtain the "special vacuum size" (Komsa, H.-P.; Berseneva, N.; Krasheninnikov, A. V.; Nieminen, R. M. Phys. Rev. X, 2014, 4, 031044). Native defects including nitrogen vacancy (VN), boron vacancy (VB), nitrogen atom anti-sited on boron position (NB), and boron atom anti-sited on nitrogen position (BN) were calculated.