.
  Four clinical active surveillance trials including LORIS, COMET, LORD and LORETTA, are being conducted to assess whether women with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ can safely avoid surgery. The present study aimed to determine the rate of upstaging to invasive cancer among patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ and to evaluate the incidence of upstaging in patients meeting the eligibility criteria for four active surveillance clinical trials.
 
  The present study initially enrolled 180 patients with 183 calcifications who received the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ by biopsy. Patients were classified as eligible for four clinical trials according to the respective inclusion criteria.
 
  In total, 152 patients with 155 calcifications were analyzed. Of these, 32 (21%) were upstaged to invasive disease based on the final pathological analysis of surgical specimens. Of the 152 patients, 53 (35%), 90 (59%), 24 (16%) and 34 (22%) met the eligibility criteria for the LORIS, COMET, LORD and LORETTA trial, respectively. Among patients with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ, 10 (19%), 14 (16%), 6 (25%) and 4 (12%) patients were upstaged to invasive disease in LORIS, COMET, LORD and LORETTA, respectively. The upstaging to pT1b or higher rates were 2% (1/53), 3% (3/90), 0% (0/24) and 3% (1/34) in LORIS, COMET, LORD and LORETTA, respectively.
 
  The upstaging rate in patients eligible for the clinical active surveillance trials was 12-25%. Although the rate of upstaging to pT1b or higher was low, further studies are required to determine the rates of upstaging to invasive cancer and the risk factors among patients with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ.
 The upstaging rate in patients eligible for the clinical active surveillance trials was 12-25%. Although the rate of upstaging to pT1b or higher was low, further studies are required to determine the rates of upstaging to invasive cancer and the risk factors among patients with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ.
  Erythritol is both a common nonnutritive sweetener and an endogenous product of glucose metabolism. Recent reports suggest that elevated plasma erythritol is a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic disease onset and complications.
 
  Although short-term erythritol consumption has been evaluated, the effect of chronically elevated circulating erythritol on adiposity and glucose metabolism has not. This study investigated the effect of longer-term erythritol consumption on weight gain and glucose tolerance in young/adolescent mice.
 
  Four erythritol supplementation experiments were completed and analyzed separately in male C57BL/6J mice. In experiments 1 and 2, mice aged 8 wk or 20 wk, respectively, were randomly allocated to consume 16% fat diet (LFD) or LFD with 40 g/kg erythritol. In experiments 3 and 4, mice aged 8 wk or 20 wk were fed 45% fat diet (HFD) or HFD with 40 g/kg erythritol (HFD+ERY). In each experiment, we compared the effect of erythritol consumption on plasma erythritol, body weight and comeight, composition, or glucose tolerance.
 In young/adolescent mice, prolonged erythritol consumption did not significantly affect body weight, composition, or glucose tolerance.Actinomyces spp. are members of normal oral flora that may give rise to a rare disease- oral actinomycosis . Here we present a case of early implant failure associated with actinomycosis in an otherwise -healthy 43-year-old female and the treatment adopted following explantation. Clinically, one month after the implant placement, the peri-implant soft tissues were hyperplastic and associated with an excessive tissue reaction, bleeding, suppuration, deep probing depth , and implant mobility at #19 and #20 implants. Both implants were removed and all granulomatous tissues were thoroughly debrided. Histopathological examination revealed signs of acute ulcerative inflammatory reaction and Actinomyces colonies. The patient was prescribed short-term oral penicillins. After six months following explantation, the deficient bone was augmented with using a combination of absorbable collagen membrane, autogenous block and xenograft. The patient was followed up for one year ; and subsequently, two implants were reinserted at the same positions. The patient was followed up and no recurrences were observed. Implant failure due to actinomycosis is an extremely rare condition , and a definitive diagnosis is therefore essential for successful treatment.
  Methylglyoxal (MGO), a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), has been linked to AGEs-associated diseases.
 
  This study investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of dietary quercetin in decreasing plasma and tissue concentrations of MGO and AGEs in MGO-administered mice.
 
  Male, 6-wk-old CD-1 mice were administered AIN-93Gdiet and water (Con) or 0.12% MGO in water (MGO) or MGO plus 0.2% (0.2Q) dietary quercetin for 1 wk (n=5) (experiment 1), and water (Con), 0.12% MGO (MGO), or MGO plus 0.1% (0.1Q), 0.2% (0.2Q), or 0.4% (0.4Q) dietary quercetin for 6 wk (n=10) (experiment 2). The plasma, kidney, and liver concentrations of MGO, quercetin, and isorhamnetin and their trapping adducts with MGO were determined by LC-MS, and AGE concentrations were measured by the fluorescent method.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0325901.html  Furthermore, the expressions of glyoxalase I/II (GLO I/II) and aldose reductase (AR), MGO detoxification enzymes, were determined by Western blot. One-factor ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett's or Tukey's test were used to anang the MGO detoxification systems in MGO-administered healthy mice.
  Arginine, an essential amino acid during the reproductive period, has been shown to enhance lactation performances in livestock. Whether it could help mothers with breastfeeding difficulties is not known.
 
  This study aimed to determine whether dietary arginine supplementation would enhance milk production in rat dams nursing large 12-pup litters and, if so, what mechanisms are involved.
 
  In 3 series of experiments, differing in dam killing timing, 59 primiparous, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (mean±SD weight 254±24.7g) were randomly assigned to receive either 1) an AIN-93G diet supplemented with l-arginine at 2.0% (ARG diet), through lactation and gestation (AGL group); 2) a control AIN-93G diet including at 3.5% an isonitrogenous mix of amino acids that are not essential for lactation (MA diet), during gestation and lactation (MA group); or 3) the MA diet during gestation and the ARG diet during lactation (AL group). Milk flow was measured using deuterated water enrichment between days 11 and 18. Plasma hormones and mammary expression of genes involved in lactation were measured using ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively, at lactation days 12, 18, or 21 in the 3 experiments.