Median (IQR) time to DC was 24 (24,72) h. Eight (26.7%) children died; 2 during PICU stay and 6 during follow-up. Neurological sequelae at discharge (n = 28) were seizures (n = 25; 89.2%) and hemiparesis (n = 16; 57.1%). Twenty-one children were followed-up at median (IQR) duration of 12 (6,54) months. Good neurological outcome was seen in 14/29 (48.2%) and hemiparesis in 10/21 (47.6%) patients. On regression analysis, anisocoria at admission was an independent predictor of poor outcome [OR 7.33; 95%CI 1.38-38.87; p = 0.019].Conclusions DC is beneficial in children with non-traumatic ICH due to a focal pathology and midline shift. Evidence on indications and timing of DC in NTC is still evolving.BACKGROUND Thigh pain following a well-fixed total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains problematic and a source of patient dissatisfaction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if the development of distal femoral cortical hypertrophy (DFCH) is associated with postoperative thigh pain after THA. METHODS All patients who underwent an uncomplicated primary THA via a direct anterior approach with the Taperloc Microplasty (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) implant between 2011 and 2015 were mailed a pain drawing questionnaire. Radiographs were reviewed at 1 year minimum to determine cortical thickness change from immediate post-op. Thigh pain was compared to DFCH. 293 patients were included in the study. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 3.2 years. A total of 218 hips (74%) had cortical hypertrophy in Gruen zone 3 and 165 hips (56%) had cortical hypertrophy in Gruen zone 5. 52 hips (18%) had ⩾25% cortical hypertrophy in zone 3 and 91 hips (31%) had ⩾25% cortical hypertrophy in zone 5. A total of 44 patients (15%) reported anterior thigh pain and 43 patients (15%) reported lateral thigh pain. Development of DFCH in either Gruen zone 3 or 5 was not associated with anterior or lateral thigh pain. Stem size was positively correlated with zone 3 hypertrophy and inversely related to zone 5 hypertrophy. Thigh pain was not associated with patient age, gender, activity level or stem size. CONCLUSIONS The development of distal femoral cortical hypertrophy after THA with a short stem implant was high, but not associated with patient-reported anterior or lateral thigh pain.The lay perception of those who work with interpreters in their professional conversations (and sometimes of interpreters themselves) is that translation of what they and their patients/clients say should be as close as possible. The very idea of close translation may seem simple, but the practice of rendering spontaneous talk-in-interaction as close as possible is quite complex, and requires much more from the mediator than textually close renditions.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay80-6946.html  In this paper, we discuss what is involved in the accomplishment of close rendering in talk. We focus on question-answer sequences with clinicians and patients, when details about the patients' history and their symptoms are collected. We show that meaning is achieved and rendered through processes that may go rather beyond the single words and utterances and that involve the contribution of all the interlocutors. We show three types of sequences taken from a collection of authentic data audio-recorded in health care services in Italy and transcribed to allow for analysis. The sequences show three different forms of talk, found in the data, where participants pursue close, precise rendition of medical details. The analysis highlights that the Italian intercultural mediators (just like those trained and assigned as public service interpreters in other countries), even in these cases which are peculiarly focused on precise details, do need to take responsibility not only for translating the textual items but also for coordinating turns at talk. It is responsible turn-coordination which leads to rendering meaning closely.Introduction Important drug safety issues are evaluated through a referral procedure in the EU by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) within the European Medicines Agency. We aim to describe all safety-related referrals assessed by the PRAC by June 2019.Methods Publicly available data on safety issues assessed through referral procedures that reached a final decision during July 2012-June 2019 were identified, analyzed and classified according to predefined criteria.Results Fifty-one safety issues were assessed by PRAC for 45 medicines/combinations/therapeutic classes during this timeframe. Referrals were initiated mostly by the European Commission (16) and France (8). Nine medicines were authorized in the last five years, the rest being well-established drugs. In four cases (flupirtine, hydroxyethyl-starch, valproate, codeine) PRAC re-assessed the same risks as previous recommendations have not been effective. Post-referral recommendations consisted of updates of the summary of product characteristics and package leaflet (42), Direct Healthcare Professional Communication (32), and other additional risk minimization measures (RMMs). Withdrawal was recommended for seven active substances.Conclusions PRAC recommended routine or additional RMMs for most referrals. Complete withdrawal of a drug or withdrawal of certain pharmaceutical forms or concentrations was advised only when the risk could not be managed by RMMs.Oleiferoside B is a triterpenoid monomer compound, mainly isolated from roots of Camellia oleifera Abel, the underlying mechanism of its antitumour is not clear. In the present study, oleiferoside B potently inhibited SMMC-7721 and MCF-7 cells proliferation and cause cells apoptosis. In addition, it activated an autophagy-mediated cell death pathway, as indicated by the accumulated the ratio of LC3- II/LC3- I and inhibited apoptosis protein expression after pre-treatment with autophagy inhibitors 3-MA. Further studies showed that oleiferoside B-induced apoptosis and autophagy was attributed to ROS release. In vivo oleiferoside B (1.0, 0.5 mg/kg) effectively suppressed tumour growth. In conclusion, our finding reveals a novel mechanism of action of oleiferoside B in cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and autophagy through ROS generation. Therefore, our results provided new insight into the mechanism of the antitumour effect of oleiferoside B as a prospective therapeutic drug in the tumour.