Precise and cost-efficient HIV incidence and drug resistance surveillances are in high demand for the advancement of 90-90-90 Treatment for All.
 
  We developed microdrop HIV sequencing for HIDA (HIV incidence and drug resistance assay), a single blood draw surveillance tool for incidence and drug resistance mutation detection. We amplified full-length HIV envelope and pol gene sequences within micro-droplets and this compartmental amplification with long-read high-throughput sequencing enabled us to recover multiple unique sequences.
 
  We achieved a greater precision in determining the stage of infection than current incidence assays, with a 1.2% false recency rate (proportion of misclassified chronic infections) and 262 days of mean duration of recent infection (average timespan of recent infection classification) from 83 recently infected and 81 chronically infected individuals. Microdrop HIV sequencing demonstrated an increased capacity to detect minority variants and linked drug resistance mutations. By screening all 93 WHO surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs), we detected six pretreatment drug resistance mutations with 2.6% - 13.2% prevalence and cross-linked mutations.
 
  HIDA via microdrop HIV sequencing may promote global HIV real-time surveillance by serving as a precise and high-throughput cross-sectional survey tool that can be generalized for other pathogen surveillances.
 HIDA via microdrop HIV sequencing may promote global HIV real-time surveillance by serving as a precise and high-throughput cross-sectional survey tool that can be generalized for other pathogen surveillances.
  Treatment with direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection leads to partial restoration of soluble inflammatory mediators (SIMs). In contrast, we hypothesized that early DAA treatment of acute hepatitis C with DAAs may normalize most SIMs.
 
  In this study, we made use of a unique cohort of acute symptomatic hepatitis C who cleared HCV with a 6-week course of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. Plasma samples were used for proximity extension assay (PEA) measuring 92 proteins.
 
  Profound SIM alterations were observed in acute HCV patients, with marked upregulation of IL-6 and CXCL10 while certain mediators were down-regulated (e.g. MCP-4, IL-7). During treatment and follow-up, the majority of SIMs decreased but not all normalized (e.g. CDCP1, IL-18). Of note, SIMs that were down-regulated before DAA treatment remained suppressed while others that were initially unchanged, declined to lower values during treatment and follow-up (e.g.CD244).
 
  Acute hepatitis C was associated with marked changes in the soluble inflammatory milieu as compared to both chronic hepatitis patients and healthy controls. Whereas early DAA treatment partly normalized this altered signature, long-lasting imprints of HCV remained. Thus, acute HCV-induced changes in the immune system may persist even after a short duration of viremia.
 Acute hepatitis C was associated with marked changes in the soluble inflammatory milieu as compared to both chronic hepatitis patients and healthy controls. Whereas early DAA treatment partly normalized this altered signature, long-lasting imprints of HCV remained. Thus, acute HCV-induced changes in the immune system may persist even after a short duration of viremia.
  Children born <30weeks of gestation have more motor impairment than do children born at term (37-42weeks gestation), but reported outcomes have largely focused on cerebral palsy and developmental coordination disorder. The aim of this study was to compare muscle strength, motor skills, and physical activity (PA) of preschool-aged children born <30weeks with those born at term.
 
  In this cohort study, 123 children born <30weeks and 128 born at term were assessed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ml792.html  Children were aged≥4years, 0months and<6years, 0months' corrected age at the time of the assessment. Outcomes included grip strength (kg), Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition (MABC-2), Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, accelerometer-measured PA, and a parent-completed PA diary. Linear regression and mixed effects models were used to examine differences between children born <30weeks and those born at term.
 
  Children born <30weeks had poorer grip strength (preferred hand; mean difference [95phasize that awareness of multidomain motor deficits in children born less then 30 weeks' gestation is needed in clinical practice. Given the associations between higher PA and health benefits and the recognition that PA levels can track from early childhood into adulthood, our study highlights the need for assessment and promotion of PA in preschool-aged children born less then 30 weeks' gestation. Lay Summary. Preschool-aged children born less then 30 weeks' gestation have poorer strength, motor skills, and physical activity behaviors than their term-born peers. Clinicians and early childhood educators should recognize that the preschool period is a critical time for the assessment and promotion of PA in children born less then 30 weeks.The negative impacts of the Great Recession (GR) (2007 to 2009) on the lives of families with low incomes warrant social work concerns about how well antipoverty policy responded to meet economic needs over this period and since. Given America's long-standing tension between welfare state adequacy and market-oriented policies, how well did the safety net respond to the economic downturn? Did GR-era changes reverse or accelerate trends in public assistance? This article examines key policy changes and indicators of caseloads, inclusion, and generosity for three antipoverty policies the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly Food Stamp Program), and the Earned Income Tax Credit from 2007 to 2017. Authors' analysis shows a continuation of market-oriented U.S. antipoverty policy. Authors argue that the reemphasis of conditioning benefits on employment undermines the countercyclical feature of the social safety net and perpetuates the inequitable redistribution of public resources between those inside and outside of the labor market.