https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in both adults and children worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms behind NAFLD provides the basis for identifying risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, pancreatoduodenectomy, and host genetics, that lead to the onset and progression of the disease. The progression from steatosis to more severe forms, such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, leads to an increased number of liver and non-liver complications. NAFLD-associated end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often require surgery as the only curative treatment. In particular, the presence of NAFLD together with the coexisting metabolic comorbidities that usually occur in these patients requires careful preoperative diagnosis and peri-/postoperative management. Bariatric surgery, liver resection, and liver transplantation (LT) have shown favorable results for weight loss, HCC, and ESLD in patients with NAFLD. The LT demand and the increasing spread of NAFLD in the donor pool reinforce the already existing lack of donor organs. In this review, we will discuss the diverse mechanisms underlying NAFLD, its implications for surgery, and the challenges for patient management. In this review, we will discuss the diverse mechanisms underlying NAFLD, its implications for surgery, and the challenges for patient management. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between attentional strategies and LRC, running economy, perceived exertion, and dyspnea. 25 endurance-trained males ([Formula see text]O max = 68.2 ± 4.7mLkg min ) ran for 5 min each at two different submaximal speeds, during which LRC and oxygen consumption ([Formula see text]O ) were measured. The degree of LRC was calculated as the percentage of breaths occurring during the same decile of the step cycle. Attentional focus was assessed at the end of e