We propose that B cells contribute to late rejection as antigen-presenting cells for intragraft memory T cell expansion but not to alloantibody production and that a therapeutic strategy combining donor apoptotic cells, anti-CD40L, and rapamycin effectively inhibits proinflammatory B cells and promotes long-term islet allograft survival in such recipients. © 2020 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.OBJECTIVE To validate the performance of a first-trimester simple risk score based on the ASPRE trial algorithm for pre-eclampsia. DESIGN Multicentric retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING Four Italian hospitals. POPULATION Unselected nulliparous women at 11-13 weeks gestation from January 2014 through January 2018. METHODS Model performance was evaluated based on discrimination and calibration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Delivery before 37 weeks gestation with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. RESULTS Based on 73 preterm pre-eclampsia cases, and 7,546 controls (including 101 cases of late pre-eclampsia) , the area under the ROC curve was 0.659 (95% CI 0.579-0.726). The sensitivity was 32.9% (95% CI 22.1-43.7) at a false positive rate of 8.8%. The LR+ was 3.74 (95% CI 2.67-5.23), the PPV was 3.49% (95% CI 2.12-4.86%) and the NPV 99.3% (99.1-99.5%).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mlt-748.html  The sensitivity and LR+ were approximately 40% lower than in the original study. The calibration analysis showed a good agreement between observed and expected risks (p=0.037). Comparison with the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm yielded a difference in the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.084 (p =0.007). CONCLUSIONS In our Italian population, the simple risk score had a lower performance than expected for the prediction of preterm pre-eclampsia in nulliparous women. The FMF algorithm applied to the same data set resulted in a better prediction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic inflammatory erythematous skin disease that can be triggered by several factors. Rosacea is another skin disease that causes facial redness and tenderness. Demodex mites have been reported in rosacea and DLE patients commonly in the literature. These two diseases can be seen concomitant, mimic each other clinically and share common possible etiologic factors. To assess Demodex mite infestation in both clinical and histopathological findings in DLE patients. We retrospectively evaluated the files of 42 patients with DLE who had been diagnosed DLE based on clinical and histopathological findings between August 2018 and August 2019. Demodex positivity was detected 50% of patients (n = 21). Neutrophile percentages in the dermal and perivascular area were higher in the demodex positive patients (4,43%) than in the Demodex negative patients (2,19%). The intensity of demodex mites correlated positively with dermal neutrophile percentages. ANA was negative in 29 patients (69%) and positive in 13 patients (31%). Anti-dsDNA was negative in serology and follicular plugging was positive in histopathology in all 42 patients (100%). This was a retrospective study. DLE and rosacea share common features in etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation. Inflammation and exacerbations caused by the demodex mites may increase the clinical severity of DLE. Although the position of demodex mites in DLE etiopathogenesis is not known exactly, the presence of high demodex in DLE patients has been determined. Standard skin surface biopsy can be a routine procedure for the evaluation of DLE patients in daily clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The prevalence of anaemia in the South African paediatric surgical population is unknown. Anaemia may be associated with increased postoperative complications. We are unaware of studies documenting these findings in patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AIM The primary aim of this study was to describe the association between preoperative anaemia and 26 defined postoperative complications, in noncardiac paediatric surgical patients. Secondary aims included describing the prevalence of anaemia and risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion. METHOD This was a secondary analysis of the South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study, a prospective, observational surgical outcomes study. Inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients aged between 6 months and less then 16 years, presenting to participating centres during the study period who underwent elective and non-elective noncardiac surgery and had a pre-operative haemoglobin recorded. Exclusion criteria were patients agoperative Hb was recorded. Prospective studies are required to determine whether correction of preoperative anaemia reduces morbidity and mortality in children undergoing noncardiac surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The authors of "COVID-19 and Urology A Comprehensive Review of Literature" have written a perceptive article which clearly outlines the complex challenges that COVID-19 is posing to urological surgeons and, indeed, the global surgical community at-large. 1. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Pre-clinical evidence has shown all common anesthetic drugs are toxic to the developing brain1 . Despite numerous cohort studies and one randomised control trial (RCT)2 , it remains unclear whether anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity exists and if intraoperative physiological disturbance plays a role. Well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are required to examine this. Infants requiring repair of oral cleft may provide an optimal clinical model; they often undergo multiple surgeries and have routine, nationally agreed, long-term speech and language assessments which extend into early adulthood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Since the first report of coronavirus commonly termed as COVID-19 in China, it has progressed into a pandemic and Italy has been one of the countries worst hit. Coronaviruses are enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that cause respiratory, entero-hepatic, and neurologic diseases in humans and mammals. More specifically the coronavirus causing the current pandemic is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The common symptoms include a dry continuous cough, fever and shortness of breath; severe cases involve pneumonia which may require ventilatory support. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.