To establish if training volume was associated with androgen baselines and androgen responsiveness to acute exercise.
 
  During a "high-volume" training phase, 28 cyclists (14 men and 14 women) undertook oxygen-uptake and maximal-work-capacity testing. Two days later, they completed a repeat-sprint protocol, which was repeated 3 weeks later during a "low-volume" phase. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after (+5 and +60min) the repeat-sprint protocol. Blood was assayed for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and saliva, for testosterone and DHT.
 
  Pretrial TT, FT, and DHT concentration was greater for males (P < .001, large effect size differences), and in both genders TT, DHT, and saliva for DHT was higher during high-volume loading (moderate to large effect size). Area-under-the-curve analysis revealed larger TT, FT, and DHT responses to the repeat-sprint protocol among females, and high-volume training was linked to larger TT, DHT, and saliva reof. The authors speculate that testosterone may impact acute performance via behavioral mechanisms of motivation and attention; DHT, via training volume-induced androgenic promotion, may facilitate long-term adaptive changes, especially for females.A well-planned periodized approach allows swimmers to achieve peak performance at the major national and international competitions.
  To identify the main characteristics of endurance training for highly trained swimmers described by the training intensity distribution (TID), volume, and periodization models.
 
  The electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using a comprehensive list of relevant terms. Studies that investigated the effect of the periodization of training in swimming, with the training load (volume, TID) and periodization reported, were included in the systematic review.
 
  A total of 3487 studies were identified, and after removal of duplicates and elimination of papers based on title and abstract screening, 17 articles remained. A further 8 articles were excluded after full text review, leaving a final total of 9 studies in the systematic review. The evidence levels were 1b for intervention studies (n = 3) and 2b for (observational) retrospective studies (n = 6). Ths of training have limited evidence, it is unclear whether a different training/periodization approach would yield better results.
  The present study aimed to systematically review the literature on the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
 
  The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were accessed in September 2020. Clinical trials that evaluated the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters (maximum strength, resistance strength, muscle power, muscle quality, and muscle thickness) of patients with T1DM compared with a control group were considered eligible. The results were presented as the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Effect size (ES) calculations were performed using the fixed effect method, with α = .05.
 
  Combined training increased the maximum strength levels in individuals with T1DM to a lesser extent than in healthy individuals (ES 0.363; P = .038). Strength training increased the maximum strength (ES 1.067; P < .001), as well as combined training (ES 0.943; P < .001); both compared with aerobic training in patients with T1DM. Strength training increased the maximum strength in a similar magnitude to combined training in patients with T1DM (ES -0.114; P = .624).
 
  Both combined training and strength training represent effective strategies for improving the maximum strength in individuals with T1DM.
 Both combined training and strength training represent effective strategies for improving the maximum strength in individuals with T1DM.
  Interrupting prolonged sitting can attenuate postprandial glucose responses in overweight adults. The dose-response effect in stroke survivors is unknown. The authors investigated the effects of interrupting 8hours of prolonged sitting with increasingly frequent bouts of light-intensity standing-based exercises on the postprandial glucose response in stroke survivors.
 
  Within-participant, laboratory-based, dose-escalation trial. Participants completed three 8-hour conditions prolonged sitting and 2 experimental conditions. Experimental conditions involved light-intensity standing-based exercises of increasing frequency (2 × 5min to 6 × 5min bouts). Postprandial glucose is reported.
 
  Twenty-nine stroke survivors (aged 66y) participated. Interrupting 8hours of prolonged sitting with light-intensity standing-based exercises every 90minutes significantly decreased postprandial glucose (positive incremental area under the curve; -1.1mmol/L·7h; 95% confidence interval, -2.0 to -0.1).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/loxo-292.html  In the morning (0800-1100), postprandial glucose decreased during the 4 × 5minutes and 6 × 5minutes conditions (positive incremental area under the curve; -0.8mmol/L·3h; 95% confidence interval, -1.3 to -0.3 and -0.8mmol/L·3h; 95% confidence interval, -1.5 to -0.2, respectively) compared with prolonged sitting.
 
  Interrupting 8hours of prolonged sitting at least every 90minutes with light-intensity standing-based exercises attenuates postprandial glucose in stroke survivors. During the morning, postprandial glucose is attenuated when sitting is interrupted every 60 and 90minutes.
 Interrupting 8 hours of prolonged sitting at least every 90 minutes with light-intensity standing-based exercises attenuates postprandial glucose in stroke survivors. During the morning, postprandial glucose is attenuated when sitting is interrupted every 60 and 90 minutes.
  School-aged children in the Southeast, compared with other United States of America (US) regions, have significantly lower levels of active transportation to school (ATS). The purpose of this study was to contrast the parental correlates of ATS choice specific to the Southeast with other areas of the US.
 
  This study utilized national data from 2952 households with school-aged children located within a 20-minute walk to a school. Parents reported their children's ATS behavior and their own ATS beliefs and perceptions. Logistic regression contrasted correlates of parents from the Southeast with other regions.
 
  Parents in the Southeast, compared with parents across the US, were significantly less likely to allow their child to take ATS (12.9% vs 33.3%, respectively) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36-0.59). Specific to the Southeast, parental correlates linked to increases in ATS were Black race/ethnicity (OR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.31-2.60), being single, (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.15-2.54), and any parental physical activity (P value for trend = .