5]) vs. 5 [4,14]). The decline in arterial Spo₂ while performing chest compressions was greater in the hypoxic condition than in the normoxic condition [mean (SD), 6.19% (4.1) vs. 2% (1.66)].DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that the ability of rescuers to perform chest compressions in a commercial airline cabin at cruising altitude may be limited due to hypoxia. One possible solution is supplemental oxygen for rescuers who perform chest compressions for in-flight cardiac arrest.Clebone A, Reis K, Tung A, OConnor M, Ruskin KJ. Chest compression duration may be improved when rescuers breathe supplemental oxygen. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12)918922.BACKGROUND This study explored the impact of a fatigue management health education intervention (FMI) on flight attendants fatigue management knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, and fatigue intensity.METHODS A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. The sample included 70 flight attendants of an international airline company in Taiwan. The experimental group (N 34) received an FMI, while the control group (N 36) had no intervention. Fatigue management knowledge, attitude, behavior intention, self-efficacy, and fatigue intensity were assessed at baseline and 1 wk later. Single-factor analysis of covariance and Jensen Neman methods were used to assess the differences in outcomes between the two groups.RESULTS Attitude and self-efficacy in the experimental group were significantly improved after the FMI [standardized mean difference (SMD), 0.96; 1.98]. The intervention also reduced their fatigue intensity (SMD 6.05) and both knowledge and behavioral intention scores were increased in more than 80% of subjects in the experimental group.DISCUSSION FMI can effectively improve fatigue management knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intention, and self-efficacy and reduce fatigue intensity in flight attendants.Hu CJ, Lee FP, Hong RM.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/blebbistatin.html  Fatigue management health education intervention effects on flight attendants. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12)911917.In the late 1860s, DNA was first identified by the Swiss physician and biochemist Friedrich Miescher. Since this time, we have solved its structure, learned how DNA divides in our cells, and elucidated molecular mechanisms for the transmission of our hereditary information. Fundamental to all these discoveries is the ability to extract our DNA in high purity. In laboratories today, DNA extraction is a routine practice performed from readily available commercial kits. However, in the late 1800s, DNA extraction was an emerging method that required tedious laboratory approaches.The selective functionalization of C(sp³)-H bonds via intramolecular amination reactions represents a very attractive strategy for the construction of saturated N-containing heterocycles (SNHets). Over the past de- cades, the chemical community has devoted its efforts towards expanding the synthetic toolbox with the aim of facilitating access to these key fragments in a controllable, reproducible and efficient manner. This review covers selected examples of the most recent advances in intramolecular C(sp³)-N bond-forming reactions by three main approaches (1) the Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) reaction; (2) transition-metal-catalyzed nitrene C(sp³)-H inser- tion; and (3) transition-metal-catalyzed ligand-assisted C(sp³)-N bond-forming reactions via a reductive elimination step. We will discuss reactivity, selectivity and the major mechanistic insights into these transformations.Significant progress has been made in establishing transaminases as robust biocatalysts for the green and scalable synthesis of a diverse range of chiral amines. However, very few examples on the amination of small cyclic ketones have been reported. Cyclic ketones are particularly challenging for transaminase enzymes because they do not display the well-defined small and large substituent areas that are characteristic for the bio- catalytic mechanism. In this work, we exploited the broad substrate scope of the (S)-selective transaminase from Halomonas elongata (HeWT) to develop an efficient biocatalytic system in continuous flow to generate a range of small cyclic amines which feature very often in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. [3] Tetrahydrofuran-3-one and other challenging prochiral ketones were rapidly (5-45 min) transformed to their corresponding amines with excellent molar conversion (94-99%) and moderate to excellent ee.N-C axial chirality, although disregarded for decades, is an interesting type of chirality with appealing applications in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry. However, atroposelective synthesis of optically pure compounds is extremely challenging and only a limited number of synthetic routes have been designed. In particular, asymmetric N-arylation reactions allowing atroposelective N-C bond forming events remain scarce, although great advances have been achieved recently. In this minireview we summarize the synthetic approaches towards synthesis of N-C axially chiral compounds via stereocontrolled N-C bond forming events. Both organo-catalyzed and metal-catalyzed transformations are described, thus illustrating the diversity and specificity of both strategies.In this work, we provide a brief overview of the role of N-aryl substituents on triazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. This synopsis provides context for the disclosed synthetic protocol for new chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) triazolium salts with brominated aromatic motifs. Incorporating brominated aryl rings into NHC structures is challenging, probably due to the substantial steric and electronic influence these substituents exert throughout the synthetic protocol. However, these exact characteristics make it an interesting N-aryl substituent, because the electronic and steric diversity it offers could find broad use in organometallic- and organo-catalysis. Following the synthetic reaction by NMR guided the extensive modification of a known protocol to enable the preparation of these challenging NHC pre-catalysts.Thanks to the unique features of the fluorine atom and the fluorinated groups, fluorine-containing molecules are essential. Therefore, the search for new fluorinated groups as well as straightforward and original methodologies for their installation is of prime importance. Especially, the combination of organofluorine chemistry with transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions offered straightforward tools to access original fluorinated scaffolds. In this context, over the last years, our group focused on the development of original methodologies to synthesize fluorine-containing molecules with a special attention to emergent fluorinated groups. The present account highlights our recent contributions to the synthesis of highly value-added fluorine-containing compounds by transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation.