higher portion of participants who are deaf reported challenges with accessing, understanding, and trusting COVID-19 information. Although respondents who are deaf had similar knowledge of symptoms compared to participants who are hearing, they used more prevention strategies and were more likely to plan immediate care for suspected symptoms. Improved guidance on COVID-19 management and health care navigation accessible to the deaf community is needed.
  Guidelines recommend that before being offered mammography screening, women age 75 years and older be informed of the uncertainty of benefit and potential for harm (e.g., being diagnosed with a breast cancer that would otherwise never have shown up in one's lifetime); however, few older women are informed of the risks of mammography screening and most overestimate its benefits.
 
  The aim of this study was to learn from women older than age 75 years who have predisposing risk factors for low health literacy (LHL) how they make decisions about mammography screening, whether an existing decision aid (DA) on mammography screening for them was acceptable and helpful, and suggestions for improving the DA.
 
  We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 women who were between ages 75 and 89 years and had predisposing risk factors for LHL (i.e., answered somewhat to not at all confident to the health literacy screening question "How confident are you filling out medical forms by yourself?" and/or had an educationmaking.
  Plain language translation may facilitate the public's ability to understand and use results of scientific research. Brief description of activity This article describes the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute's (PCORI) approach to and lessons learned from developing plain language summaries of PCORI-funded research for the lay public.
 
  We developed and tested a standard template for the summaries, incorporating feedback in the template design from focus groups with members of the public. Between February 2017 and March 2020, we completed translation of 272 plain language summaries of PCORI-funded studies, covering topics including cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, mental health, asthma, HIV/AIDS, and comparative effectiveness research methods.
 
  Templates use a question-and-answer format, with sections on the rationale, methods, results, limitations, and how the research will help inform decisions. In addition to feedback on template heading wording and order, focus group participants strely prioritizing content to include in the summaries, and balancing plain language and reading level with precision. These lessons learned from template development and implementation may be useful to other organizations or publishers contemplating similar efforts to make scientific research results more accessible. [HLRP Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2021;5(2)e155-e161.] Plain Language Summary The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) funds comparative effectiveness research. This research compares the benefits and harms of two or more health care choices. In this article, we describe lessons learned from PCORI's efforts to develop plain language summaries of results from the research it funds. These lessons may help other organizations that want to share research results in plain language.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the national lockdowns of 2020/2021 illustrate how modern public health systems are founded on empirical evidence and contemporary understanding of disease transmission. Duncan Forbes was one of the earliest sanitarians in Britain to propose and implement a new understanding of infectious disease control. Starting his early career in Manchester and Cambridge, his eventual tenure as Brighton's longest-serving medical officer of health (MOH) left an indelible mark by challenging the entrenched tradition of terminal disinfection and by devising his "Brighton methods" for the care of tubercular patients. Forbes led Brighton's public health responses during World War I and the 1918/1919 "Spanish" influenza pandemic. Forbes also strove to improve health and housing in Brighton. His views on limiting access to contraception on the grounds of eugenics are also significant. Analysis of Forbes' work then allowed a discussion of both his legacy and of the applicability of his experiences to our own in tackling COVID-19. Forbes undeniably had a great influence in shaping modern public health practice in Britain and his challenges as MOH bear many similarities, as well as stark differences, to today's experience of COVID-19.
  The aim of this study is to develop a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS approach to determine the sophoridine (SOP) level in rat plasma and the pharmacokinetics of the substance.
 
  Sophoridine is used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor alkaloid. It is essential to explore specific detection methods for the quantitative analysis of SOP in the blood circulation.
 
  The rat plasma samples were prepared by one-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sch-900776.html  Subsequently, the samples were separated by chromatography using a UPLC BEH C18 reversed-phase with an initial mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. The gradient elution was performed at a fixed flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with an electrospray positive ionization source was employed to detect the transitions of 
  249.1 → 84.2 for SOP and 
  264.3 → 69.8 for dendrobine (IS). The entire process required 3.5 min for each sample.
 
  A linear correlation was established over the range of 2-2000 ng/mL (
  
  ≥0.9954) for SOP in rat plasma with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at 2 ng/mL. The range of accuracy was tested between 94.90% and 100.80%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) toward both intra- and inter-day precision were <10%. Thus, this method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study, and the subsequent results demonstrated a low absolute bioavailability of 2.32%.
 
  The present study established a reliable method that quantified the SOP concentration in rat plasma after administering a dose of 2 mg/kg intravenously or 20 mg/kg orally.
 The present study established a reliable method that quantified the SOP concentration in rat plasma after administering a dose of 2 mg/kg intravenously or 20 mg/kg orally.