https://www.selleckchem.com/EGFR(HER).html 8 weeks post-ACLT, the surgical knees had thinner subchondral plate and trabeculae, and smaller trabecular bone volume fraction in most of the knee locations. OARSI score was greater in the femoral condyle and lateral tibial plateau cartilage. FCD loss was progressive only in the femoral condyle, femoral groove, and patellar cartilage, and minor changes of cartilage collagen orientation angle were present in the femoral condyles, femoral groove, and lateral tibial plateau. We conclude that ACLT induces progressive subchondral bone loss, during which proteoglycan loss occurs followed by their partly recovery, as indicated by FCD results. To quantitate bupivacaine concentration and formulation effects on chondrocyte viability in vitro. Controlled laboratory study. Primary canine chondrocyte isolates. Cell passage 3 and 4 canine chondrocytes were exposed to 0.9% saline; canine chondrocyte growth medium; 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, or 5 mg/mL preservative-free standard formulation bupivacaine (SFB); or 13.3 or 6.65 mg/mL liposomal encapsulated bupivacaine (LEB) for 1 hour. Chondrocyte viability and clonogenicity were quantitated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-31 yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic assays, respectively. Differences among concentrations and formulations were assessed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post hoc tests. Growth medium had the highest cell viability based on MTT metabolism. Similarly, all LEB concentration groups had higher cell viability compared with SFB concentration cells treated with 3.5 or 5 mg/mL SFB (P < .03). Among SFB concentrations, cell viability was higher at 0.6 mg/mL compared with at 2.5 mg/mL or greater (P < .03). Cell clonogenicity was not significantly different between saline, culture medium, or 0.5 mg/mL SFB. Clonogenicity was lower with all tested LEB concentrations compared with saline or medium (P < .02). In vitro toxicity of SFB on canin