Among the 55 subjects enrolled, 15 reported adverse events. No serious adverse event was reported. Pain at the injection site was the lone local adverse event. Systemic adverse events reported in Group A were fatigue, headache, diarrhoea, fever, anorexia, nausea and upper respiratory tract infection, whereas there was no systemic event reported in Group B. There was 100% seroconversion and seroprotection and significant rise in antibody titre levels were observed in both the groups post vaccination.
 
  This study found HBI inactivated hepatitis-A vaccine to be safe and highly immunogenic when administered as a single dose in adolescent and adult subjects.
 This study found HBI inactivated hepatitis-A vaccine to be safe and highly immunogenic when administered as a single dose in adolescent and adult subjects.
  Since 2005, the universal hepatitis B (HepB) birth dose has been recommended for all medically stable infants weighing ≥2,000g at birth. The timing of the birth dose provides a critical safeguard and prevents infection among infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers not identified prenatally. We assess infant HepB vaccination in the U.S. Department of Defense's Military Health System (MHS) to identify trends in vaccination coverage and sociodemographic factors associated with non-receipt of the birth dose, receiving the first HepB vaccine >3days of life, and not receiving any HepB vaccine in the first 18months of life utilizing parental refusal codes. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies assessing trends in parental refusal of the HepB birth dose utilizing administrative claims parental refusal codes.
 
  We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of MHS live births from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2018 utilizing administrative claims data. Data were included from 44 hospitals in 24 uating reasons for non-receipt of the birth dose over time.
 Vaccination coverage for HepB birth dose is high in the MHS and increased over time; concurrently, refusal rates also increased over time. Utilizing administrative claims data has the benefit of differentiating reasons for non-receipt of the birth dose over time.
  In Turkey, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced to the national immunization program as PCV7 in 2008, and was replaced with PCV13 in 2011. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the pneumococcal carriage rate and the serotype distribution in healthy children under 5years in Turkey who were vaccinated with PCV13.
 
  We conducted a cross-sectional study including the collection of questionnaire data and nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens among children aged <5years from five centers from March 2019 to March 2020. Pneumococcal isolates were identified using optochin sensitivity and bile solubility. Serotyping was performed using a latex agglutination kit and Quellung reaction.
 
  NP swab samples were collected from 580 healthy children. The observed overall carriage rate was 17.8%. None of the hypothesised predictors of S. pneumoniae carriage, except maternal education level was statistically significant (p=0.017). High maternal education level appeared to decrease the risk (lower vs. higher maternal education OR 1.992 [95% CI; 1.089-3.643], p=0.025). The overall NP S. pneumoniae carriage prevalence for the PCV13-vaccinated children was 17.8% (103/580). The most common serotypes detected were serotype 15B (n=10, 9.7%), serotype 23F (n=9, 8.7%), serotype 23A (n=9, 8.7%), serotype 11A (n=7, 6.7%), serotype 19F (n=5, 4.8%) and serotype 15F (n=5, 4.8%). Of the isolates, 28 (27.2%) were in PCV13 vaccine strains (VSs), and 75 (72.8%) strains were non-VS. The serotype coverage rate was 27.2% for PCV13.
 
  The overall S. pneumoniae carriage rate was higher than in earlier studies from Turkey. Post-vaccine era studies from around the world have reported a decrease in VS serotypes and a 'serotype replacement' to non-VS serotypes, as we determined in our study.
 The overall S.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html  pneumoniae carriage rate was higher than in earlier studies from Turkey. Post-vaccine era studies from around the world have reported a decrease in VS serotypes and a 'serotype replacement' to non-VS serotypes, as we determined in our study.
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in areas with endemic hepatitis B virus infection. We sought to characterize clinical features and long-term outcomes among AYAs versus older adults (OAs) who underwent HCC resection.
 
  From a Chinese multicenter database, patients were categorized as AYA (aged 13-39 years) versus OA (aged ≥40 years). Patient clinical features, perioperative outcomes, overall survival (OS) and time-to-recurrence (TTR) were compared. Multivariable Cox-regression analyses were performed to identify the impact of age on OS and TTR.
 
  Among 1952 patients, 354(22.2%) were AYAs. AYAs were less likely to have cirrhosis yet were likely to have advanced tumor pathological characteristics than OAs. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were comparable. Compared with OAs, AYAs had a comparable OS but a decreased TTR. Multivariable analyses identified that young age (<40 years) was independently associated with poorer TTR.
 
  Compared with OAs, AYAs had a higher incidence of recurrence following liver resection among patients with HCC, suggesting that enhanced surveillance for postoperative recurrence may be required among AYAs.
 Compared with OAs, AYAs had a higher incidence of recurrence following liver resection among patients with HCC, suggesting that enhanced surveillance for postoperative recurrence may be required among AYAs.
  Total pancreatectomy has high morbidity and mortality and differences among countries are currently unknown. This study compared the use and postoperative outcomes of total pancreatectomy among 4 Western countries.
 
  Patients who underwent one-stage total pancreatectomy were included from registries in the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden (2014-2018). Use of total pancreatectomy was assessed by calculating the ratio total pancreatectomy to pancreatoduodenectomy. Primary outcomes were major morbidity (Clavien Dindo ≥3) and in-hospital mortality. Predictors for the primary outcomes were assessed in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of volume (low-volume <40 or high-volume ≥40 pancreatoduodenectomies annually; data available for the Netherlands and Germany).
 
  In total, 1,579 patients underwent one-stage total pancreatectomy. The relative use of total pancreatectomy to pancreatoduodenectomy varied up to fivefold (United States 0.03, Germany 0.