life in these patients.
  Oral mucositis is a common and debilitating painful side effect of many forms of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Mucositis may lead to dose reductions and unplanned interruptions of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (RT) and often affects patients' quality of life.
 
  The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of the ayurvedic preparation in decreasing the severity of mucositis in head-and-neck cancer patients receiving concomitant chemoradiotherapy.
 
  In this prospective randomized study, the patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 patients received conventional mucositis treatment, whereas Group 2 patients received ayurvedic preparation Yashtimadhu in addition to conventional treatment. Group 3 patients received honey for local application in oral cavity as well as one tea spoon of honey twice daily orally in addition to routine conventional treatment. All the patients were assessed for mucositis at the end of every week during the RT for a period of 6 weeks.
 
  A significant difference was observed between the groups at each time point. Nearly 42.85% of patients in conventional treatment arm developed Grade 3 mucositis, 20% of patients developed Grade 3 mucositis in group where honey was given, and only 15.5% of patients developed Grade 3 mucositis in Yastimadhu group.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-001.html  Unplanned treatment breaks and hospitalization of patients were reduced with the use of yashtimadhu as compared to other two groups.
 
  Yashtimadhu was observed to be effective and delayed the development of severe form of mucositis. The drug appeared to be more efficient in the management of radiation-induced mucositis.
 Yashtimadhu was observed to be effective and delayed the development of severe form of mucositis. The drug appeared to be more efficient in the management of radiation-induced mucositis.
  Cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), a constituent of the intermediate filament protein is known to be elevated in cancer. In vitro cleavage of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) protein results in the release of it's fragments into the supernatants of premalignant cell lines. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the concentrations of CYFRA21-1 in serum and saliva of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), to evaluate CK19 expression in tissues of the same patients and to correlate the levels of CYFRA21-1 concentration in serum and saliva with CK19 expression in OPMDs, and to compare it with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which was taken as positive control.
 
  Concentration of CYFRA21-1 was measured in saliva and serum of 30 OPMD cases with five patients having OSCC using ELISA technique and analysis of CK19 protein expression in the tissue of same patients using immunohistochemical technique was done.
 
  Concentration of CYFRA21-1 in saliva and serum with regard to CK19 protein expression in tissues was significantly higher in control group than in study groups.
 
  CYFRA21-1 can be used as a promising diagnostic molecule and as an adjunctive marker for early detection, disease staging, and monitoring.
 CYFRA21-1 can be used as a promising diagnostic molecule and as an adjunctive marker for early detection, disease staging, and monitoring.
  Several studies regarding tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) in colorectal, esophageal, breast, endometrial, and cervical carcinomas have been done in the past with significant results.
 
  The objectives of this study were to (1) study and grade TSR in buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), (2) grade inflammatory cell infiltrate surrounding the tumor, and (3) correlate the above two parameters with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI).
 
  Totally, 25 patients of buccal SCC and 16 cases of tongue SCC were included in the study. TSR was assessed visually on the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections by two independent observers. Cases were categorized into two groups One with high TSR >50% (stroma poor) and the other with low TSR <50% as the stroma-rich group. TSR was correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, inflammatory cell infiltrate, LVI, and PNI. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ve (stroma poor) was associated with an adverse pathological characteristic, i.e., advanced T significantly. There was no significant correlation between TSR and inflammatory infiltrate with grade of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, LVI, and PNI. In 16 cases of SCC of the tongue; no correlation was observed between TSR and inflammatory infiltrate with tumor size, grade of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, LVI, and PNI. TSR has been studied in various malignancies (mostly adenocarcinomas) including laryngeal SCCs; however, it has never been studied on oral SCCs.
  Crystallization test is based on the principle that, when a salt crystallizes out of an aqueous solution, the crystal growth is influenced by the presence of other substances in the solution, such as blood or plant extracts. If a mixture of copper chloride solution with a small amount of whole blood is allowed to crystallize under controlled experimental conditions, an aggregate of crystals forms. Crystallization method can be used as a diagnostic aid to provide information about the systemic conditions and general health of the patient.
 
  This study aims to study the patterns of crystallization and to further determine the efficacy of crystallization test as a screening modality in premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
 
  Fifty patients of OSCC, 50 patients of premalignant lesions, and 50 healthy individuals were selected. One drop of blood was collected from the study groups to perform crystallization using cupric chloride.
 
  Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Student's t-test (two-tailed), and analysis of variance.
 
  The different patterns of crystals formed were studied and statistically analyzed.
 
  Based on the study, it was concluded that Crystallization test can be used as an effective screening modality for detection of premalignant lesions and OSCC.
 Based on the study, it was concluded that Crystallization test can be used as an effective screening modality for detection of premalignant lesions and OSCC.