y of EEG-fMRI in assessing epileptic networks and potentially aiding in tailoring surgical treatments in DRE patients with callosal anomalies, and in callosal surgeries.
 Focal epileptic activity is associated with bilateral functional activations despite lack of intact CC, and is associated with stronger contralateral activation in patients after anterior callosotomy compared to controls. These findings disprove our initial hypothesis, and combined with white matter structural imaging, may indicate that the CC is not a sole route of propagation of epileptic activity, which might spread via anterior commissure. Our study demonstrates the utility of EEG-fMRI in assessing epileptic networks and potentially aiding in tailoring surgical treatments in DRE patients with callosal anomalies, and in callosal surgeries.Comparing temporal patterns of distribution and abundance of target organisms between protected and harvested shores is essential to assess the extant effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) and whether it is maintained through time. By means of an adapted Beyond-BACI approach, we compared the short- and long-term patterns of variation in the abundance of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at a protected shore (within the Parque Litoral Norte MPA, Portugal) and at three adjacent shores subject to intense harvesting over a decadal interval. Despite the existence of the MPA for more than 30 years, we did not obtain clear evidence of its persistent or recent effectiveness on intertidal species of commercial interest. We suggest the need for refining management options along the northern Portuguese coast, possibly by better enforcing current regulations and reconsidering the present design of protection schemes. Moreover, the adopted analytical approach may represent a methodological reference for similar investigations in systems where the perturbation of interest (protection or disturbance) would not occur at a given time during the course of the study, but has been operating since before the first sampling occasion and maintained until subsequent surveys.Impaired upper airway anatomy is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there are other important non-anatomical contributors or "endotypes" including ventilatory control instability, poor pharyngeal dilator muscle responsiveness and waking up too easily to minor respiratory events (low arousal threshold). Recent studies have focused on the potential to target specific OSA causes with novel treatments to reduce OSA severity and improve efficacy with existing non-CPAP therapies which are often suboptimal (e.g., mandibular advancement splints).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jsh-150.html  One novel target is pharmacotherapy with hypnotics to increase the threshold for arousal and reduce OSA severity in the approximately 30% of patients who have a low arousal threshold endotype. This increasing body of work has produced varied and at times unexpected findings which have challenged previous knowledge on the effects of hypnotics on upper airway physiology and breathing during sleep in people with OSA. This review provides a concise overview of the latest research that has investigated the effects of common hypnotics/sedative agents on upper airway physiology and OSA severity and potential implications for OSA pathophysiology, treatment and safety. This includes a summary of the latest knowledge on the effects of hypnotics on OSA endotypes. Priorities for future research are also highlighted.
  The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students.
 
  To explore the perspectives of a group of final-year nursing students who were hired on the basis of a relief contract for health professionals during the first COVID-19 outbreak, regarding their learning process and their mixed role as students and novice nurses.
 
  A qualitative exploratory study was conducted.
 
  The Nursing Department of the European University of Madrid, and the Red Cross College of Nursing.
 
  Eighteen nursing students were recruited, aged between 18 and 65years old, enrolled in the fourth year of Nursing Studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic.
 
  Purposive sampling was used. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews were conducted in a private video chat room platform. Also, a thematic, inductive analysis was performed. This stue training programs and improve the organization and incorporation of nurses in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  Healthcare professionals require personal and professional skills that include the ability to provide care to diverse populations and to collaborate across disciplines to deliver culturally sensitive quality care. International learning experiences can provide opportunities for students in health professions to work and learn collaboratively across disciplines.
 
  The purpose of this research was to measure the effect of a short-term Costa Rican study abroad experience on interprofessional and cultural competencies of occupational therapy (OT) and nursing students.
 
  This mixed methods study was approved by the university Institutional Review Board and consisted of four training sessions and a 10-day study abroad experience. Ten OT doctoral students and three undergraduate nursing students participated in the research. While abroad, students engaged in fieldwork activities, tours, observations, and dialogue with local residents, healthcare professionals, and researchers. Students completed a demographic quesnt comments.
  International placements represent a popular choice to develop cultural competency and safety in nursing. The question as to whether study abroad programs enable the development of cultural competency and safety skills or provide exotic travel experiences needs further clarifications.
 
  The study explores the usefulness of international placements in developing cultural safety among undergraduate nursing students.
 
  An exploratory qualitative design was used to answer these research questions 1) How do undergraduate students make sense of their study abroad experiences? And 2) How international placements facilitate the acquisition of cultural safety and consciousness-raising about racial and social privileges?
 
  A sample of 7 participants who completed a 4th-year community and acute care stages in Global South countries were recruited.
 
  A postcolonial feminist theoretical approach was used to guide the study.
 
  Semi-structured interviews explored participants' perceptions of cultural differences, ways of adapting to cultural diversity, and the benefits and challenges of their global experiences.