MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a stereotactically guided percutaneous minimally invasive procedure, which delivers light energy to tissue via a fiberoptic catheter, resulting in selective thermal ablation. Its use in drug-resistant epilepsy has increased because safety and efficacy have been well-established in adult and pediatric populations 1-4 . The anesthetic management of this procedure in children has not been previously reported. In our pediatric institution, MRI guided LITT is performed using the Visualase™ system (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). The typical procedural flow is described in Figure 1.Aims To evaluate the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Poland in 2013-2014 and to determine the temporal trends between 2003-2005 and 2013-2014. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in a representative sample of Polish adults, complemented by anthropometric and fasting plasma glucose measurements. The research was part of the national cross-sectional WOBASZ study. Diabetes was assessed as self-reported or screened (fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 7 mmol/l, based on one blood sample). Results In the years 2013-2014 among 5694 participants aged 20-74 years, 6.0% (95% CI 5.4-6.6) reported a previous diagnosis of diabetes (5.8% in women and 6.2% in men). In addition, 2.4% of the participants (95% CI 2.0-2.8) without a previous diagnosis of diabetes (1.8% of women and 3.1% of men) had a fasting blood glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/l in a single measurement. In a single measurement, 18.4% of the participants (95% CI 17.4-19.4; 13.2% of women and 23.8% of men) had impaired fasting glucose. The prevalence of dysglycaemia in the WOBASZ II study was significantly higher compared to the WOBASZ I study findings from 2003-2005, increased from 6.6% to 8.4% for diabetes and from 9.3% to 18.4% for impaired fasting glucose (after age and sex standardization to the 2013 Polish population). Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes in Poland is similar to that observed in other European populations and has increased significantly over the last decade.During COVID-19 pandemic, there continues to be a need to utilize cardiac catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories for emergent and urgent procedures. Per infection prevention guidelines, and hospital codes, catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories are usually built as positive pressure ventilation rooms to minimize the infection risk. However, patients with highly transmissible airborne diseases such as COVID-19 are best cared in negative ventilation rooms to minimize the risk of transmission. From mechanical and engineering perspective, positive pressure ventilation rooms cannot be readily converted to negative pressure ventilation rooms. In this report, we describe a novel, quick, readily implantable and resource friendly approach on how to secure air quality in catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories by converting a positive pressure ventilation room to a 2-zone negative ventilation system to minimize the risk of transmission. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.In ants, social thermal regulation is the collective maintenance of a nest temperature that is optimal for individual colony members. In the thermophilic ant Aphaenogaster iberica, two key behaviours regulate nest temperature seasonal nest relocation and variable nest depth. Outside the nest, foragers must adapt their activity to avoid temperatures that exceed their thermal limits. It has been suggested that social thermal regulation constrains physiological and morphological thermal adaptations at the individual level. We tested this hypothesis by examining the foraging rhythms of six populations of A. iberica, which were found at different elevations (from 100 to 2000 m) in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of southern Spain. We tested the thermal resistance of individuals from these populations under controlled conditions. Janzen's climatic variability hypothesis (CVH) states that greater climatic variability should select for organisms with broader temperature tolerances. We found that the A. iberica population at 1300 m experienced the most extreme temperatures and that ants from this population had the highest heat tolerance (LT50 = 57.55ºC). These results support CVH's validity at microclimatic scales, such as the one represented by the elevational gradient in this study. A. iberica maintains colony food intake levels across different elevations and mean daily temperatures by shifting its rhythm of activity. This efficient colony-level thermal regulation and the significant differences in individual heat tolerance that we observed among the populations suggest that behaviourally controlled thermal regulation does not constrain individual physiological adaptations for coping with extreme temperatures.Plants have the ability to colonize highly diverse environments. The zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri has adapted to establish populations on soils covering an extreme range of metal availabilities. The A. halleri ZIP6 gene presents several hallmarks of hyperaccumulation candidate genes it is constitutively highly expressed in roots and shoots and is associated with a zinc accumulation quantitative trait locus. Here, we show that AhZIP6 is duplicated in the A. halleri genome. The two copies are expressed mainly in the vasculature in both A. halleri and A. thaliana, indicative of conserved cis regulation, and acquired partial organ specialization. Yeast complementation assays determined that AhZIP6 is a zinc and cadmium transporter. AhZIP6 silencing in A. halleri or expression in A. thaliana alters cadmium tolerance, but has no impact on zinc and cadmium accumulation. AhZIP6-silenced plants display reduced cadmium uptake upon short-term exposure, adding AhZIP6 to the limited number of Cd transporters supported by in planta evidence. Altogether, our data suggest that AhZIP6 is key to fine-tune metal homeostasis in specific cell-types.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Caspase.html  This study additionally highlights the distinct fates of duplicated genes in A. halleri. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.