Short or long sleep duration, insufficient sleep, and Evening chronotype associate with many health issues and increased risk for mortality. Understanding population-level changes in sleep and chronotype frequencies is important for assessing the prospective health status of the society and future challenges on health care at a national level. This study examines the cross-sectional differences in sleep duration, insufficient sleep, and chronotype frequencies indicated by both circadian preference and habitual sleep-wake rhythm among adults living in Finland during a 10-year period of 2007-2017.
 
  The study sample (N=18039) was derived from he National FINRISK 2007 and 2012 Studies, and The FinHealth 2017 Study, each consisting of a random sample of adults, aged 25-74 years and as stratified by age and sex, and providing the self-reported data on their circadian preference, habitual daily sleep duration, insufficient sleep and bedtimes.
 
  During the 10 years, sleep duration decreased, insufficient sleep incsmatch.
 The evolution of sleep and chronotype frequencies from 2007 to 2017 is alarming, as these might lead to a poorer health status in the adult population and thus cause more strain to the public health. The mismatch between sleep-wake behavior and circadian preference was emphasized in young adults, indicating a greater risk for circadian misalignment in the Finnish adult population in the future, if there will not be any interventions to correct this mismatch.
  This study was designed to investigate painless and painful subsets of pediatric restless legs syndrome (RLS) for genetic influence and for associations with iron deficiency and common pediatric pain disorders.
 
  In a twin family study, twins (3-18 years) and their oldest siblings, mothers and fathers completed questionnaires, assessing lifetime prevalence of RLS using current criteria, as well as history of iron deficiency and pediatric pain disorders. Subsets were categorized as RLS-Painless or RLS-Painful. Within twin pair analyses were conducted to assess familial and potential genetic effects for the defined subsets. Penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression was used to test familial associations. Random-effects logistic regression modeling was used in the total pediatric sample to investigate univariate and multivariate associations with the subsets.
 
  Data were available for 2033 twin individuals (1007 monozygous (MZ), 1026 dizygous (DZ); 51.7% female), 688 siblings, 1013 mothers and 921 fathers. Odds ratios, correlations and casewise concordance were significantly higher in MZ than in DZ twins only for RLS-Painful. RLS-Painless, though familial (co-twin and mother), was not genetically influenced, but was independently associated with female sex (OR 0.52, p=0.003), iron deficiency (OR 4.20, p<0.001) and with persistent pain disorders (OR 2.28, p=0.02). RLS-Painful was familial and was probably genetically influenced; was independently associated with non-migraine headaches (OR 2.70, p=0.02) and recurrent abdominal pain (OR 2.07, p=0.04).
 
  Pediatric RLS was heterogeneous and was categorized into contrasting painless and painful phenotypes. RLS-Painless was associated with iron deficiency while RLS-Painful accounted for the heritability of RLS.
 Pediatric RLS was heterogeneous and was categorized into contrasting painless and painful phenotypes. RLS-Painless was associated with iron deficiency while RLS-Painful accounted for the heritability of RLS.
  To determine the relationship between the improved night shift schedule and the mortality of critically ill patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
 
  According to the time of the implementation of the new night shift schedule, we divided all patients into two groups initial period group and recent period group. The clinical electronic medical records, nursing records, laboratory findings, and radiological examinations for all patients with laboratory confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were reviewed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Ilginatinib-hydrochloride.html  Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) models were used to determine the risk factors associated with in hospital death.
 
  A total of 75 patients were included in this study. Initial period group includes 45 patients and recent period group includes 30 patients. The difference in mortality between the two groups was significant, 77.8% and 36.7%, respectively. Leukocytosis at admission and admitted to hospital before the new night shift schedule were associated with increased odds of death.
 
  Shift arrangement of medical staff are associated with the mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19. The new night shift schedule might improve the continuity of treatment, thereby improving the overall quality of medical work and reducing the mortality of critically ill patients.
 Shift arrangement of medical staff are associated with the mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19. The new night shift schedule might improve the continuity of treatment, thereby improving the overall quality of medical work and reducing the mortality of critically ill patients.
  The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the whole world. So far, nothing is known about the course of psychological disturbances, such as fear, anxiety, and sleep disturbances of this pandemic over time in Europe.
 
  Aim of this web-based survey was to assess the mental health burden of the German public over a period of 50 days after the COVID-19 outbreak. 16,245 individuals responded regarding sleep disturbances, COVID-19-fear, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7). Data were put in relation to infection rates, number of deaths and the German stock index.
 
  The specific fear increased rapidly in concordance with infection numbers. However, no relation to the number of deaths was found, COVID-19-fear developed reversed to the stock index. Initially, 13.5% of the respondents reported a reduced sleep quality, and 7.2% a moderate generalized anxiety; proceeding simultaneously with high peaks. Finally, more than twice as many respondents showed psychological burdens.
 
  The COVID-19-fear decreased within six weeks to the level before the shutdown, indicating a habituation to the threatening situation.