INTRODUCTION Several recent case reports have described common early chest imaging findings of lung pathology caused by 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV2) which appear to be similar to those seen previously in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected patients. OBJECTIVE We present some remarkable imaging findings of the first two patients identified in Italy with COVID-19 infection travelling from Wuhan, China. The follow-up with chest X-Rays and CT scans was also included, showing a progressive adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). RESULTS Moderate to severe progression of the lung infiltrates, with increasing percentage of high-density infiltrates sustained by a bilateral and multi-segmental extension of lung opacities, were seen. During the follow-up, apart from pleural effusions, a tubular and enlarged appearance of pulmonary vessels with a sudden caliber reduction was seen, mainly found in the dichotomic tracts, where the center of a new insurgent pulmonary lesion was seen. It could be an early alert radiological sign to predict initial lung deterioration. Another uncommon element was the presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with short-axis oval nodes. CONCLUSIONS Although only two patients have been studied, these findings are consistent with the radiological pattern described in literature. Finally, the pulmonary vessels enlargement in areas where new lung infiltrates develop in the follow-up CT scan, could describe an early predictor radiological sign of lung impairment. OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of renal function, specially the presence of augmented renal clearance (ARC) on the pharmacokinetics of linezolid in critically ill patients. The effect of continuous infusion on the probability of therapeutic success from a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) perspective was also evaluated. METHODS Seventeen patients received linezolid (600 mg q12 h) as a 30-minute infusion and 26 as continuous infusion (50 mg/h). The PK parameters were calculated and the probability of PK/PD target attainment (PTA) was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for different doses administered by intermittent (600 mg q12 h or 600 mg q8h) or continuous infusion (50 mg/h or 75 mg/h). RESULTS In patients without ARC the standard dose was adequate to attain the PK/PD target. However, linezolid clearance was significantly higher in ARC patients, leading to subtherapeutic concentrations. Continuous infusion (50 mg/h) provided concentrations (C) ≥2 mg/L in 70% of the ARC patients. MCS revealed that C ≥ 2 mg/L would be reached in >90% of patients receiving 75 mg/h. CONCLUSIONS ARC increases linezolid CL and leads to a high risk of underexposure with the standard dose. Continuous infusion increases the PTA, but an infusion rate of 75 mg/h should be considered to ensure C ≥ 2 mg/mL. OBJECTIVES In Caribbean island populations, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is reported regularly among adolescents and adults. Among them, disease more often runs a severe course, causing a substantial burden in these populations. This seroepidemiological study aimed to obtain insight into VZV susceptibility and its determinants in island populations of Caribbean Netherlands (CN).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rg-7112.html  METHODS Participants from Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba (n = 1,829, aged 0-90 years) donated a blood sample and completed a questionnaire. VZV-specific IgG antibodies were determined using a bead-based multiplex-immunoassay. Risk factors were analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Overall seroprevalence in CN was 78%, being lowest on St. Eustatius (73%) and highest on Bonaire and Saba (79%). Seropositivity increased gradually with age, with 60% and 80% at ages 10 and 30 years, respectively, and ranging between 80-90% thereafter. Higher odds for VZV-seronegativity were seen among persons who were born in CN or resided there since early childhood, and among single-person households. CONCLUSIONS VZV susceptibility is relatively high among adolescents and adults in CN. In order to reduce the burden of VZV-related disease in these populations, routine varicella vaccination is recommended. As data are scarce, our findings can serve as a blueprint for the epidemiology in tropical regions. OBJECTIVES We examined rubella seronegativity among women of childbearing age after the introduction of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) among teenage girls and universal MMR programs in South Korea. METHODS We examined the data of serum IgG data of 72,114 women aged 20-49 years at the Gangnam CHA Medical Center from 2004 to 2018. Values with serum IgG level less then 10.0 IU/ml were considered negative. Based on the vaccination policy, the study population was divided into three cohorts-Cohort 1, 1955-1976 (no national immunization program), Cohort 2, 1977-1985 (national rubella only vaccination for high schoolers), and Cohort 3, 1986-1993 (combination strategy). We compared the rate of seronegativity, and adjusted odds ratio (OR) of seronegativity of each cohort. RESULTS Overall proportion of women with seronegativity had also decreased significantly, from 6.1% in 2004 to 2.5% in 2018 (Kendall's tau = -0.89, P less then 0.001). The rate of seronegativity was the highest among women who were not targeted for national immunization (born in 1955-1977, 5.2%), while it was lowest among candidates receiving routine and catch-up vaccinations (born in 1986-1993, 2.2%). When controlling for the effect of age and the year of test, the ORs for seronegativity for Cohort 2 (adjusted OR 0.68, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.60, 0.76) and Cohort 3 (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.40, 0.75) were lower than those of Cohort 1. CONCLUSION Women who were covered by either vaccination program were less susceptible to rubella infection, supporting the value of both approaches. This finding will serve as an empirical evidence for immunization program targeted toward young women and children. The challenging computational problem of perceiving dynamic faces "in the wild" goes unresolved because most research focuses on easier questions about static photograph perception. This literature conceptualizes face representation as a dissimilarity-based "face space", with axes that describe the dimensions of static images. Some versions express positions in face space relative to a central tendency (norm). Are facial movements represented like this? We tested for representations that accord with an a priori hypothesized motion-based face space by experimentally manipulating faces' motion-based dissimilarity. Because we caricatured movements, we could test for representations of dissimilarity from a motion-based norm. Behaviorally, participants perceived these caricatured expressions as convincing and recognizable. Moreover, as expected, caricature enhanced perceived dissimilarity between facial expressions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that occipitotemporal brain responses, including face-selective and motion-sensitive areas, reflect this face space.