Carbo -benzene is an aromatic molecule devised by inserting C 2 units within each C-C bond of the benzene molecule. By integrating the corresponding  carbo -quinoid core as bridging unit in a p -extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF), it is shown that a  carbo -benzene ring can be reversibly formed by electrochemical reduction or oxidation. The so-called  carbo -exTTF molecule was thus experimentally prepared and studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, as well as by X-ray crystallography and by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/otx015.html  The molecule and its oxidized and reduced forms were subjected to a computational study at the density functional theory (DFT) level, supporting  carbo -aromaticity as a driving force for the formation of the dication, radical cation, and radical anion. By allowing co-planarity of the dithiolylidene rings and  carbo -quinoidal core,  carbo -exTTFs present a promising new class of redox-active systems. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Aggressive morphologic variants of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), including blastoid and pleomorphic (B/P-MCL), are rare and associated with poor clinical outcomes. The genomic landscape of these variants remains incompletely explored. In this multi-institutional study, we describe recurrent mutations and novel genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) in B/P-MCL, using next generation sequencing and SNP-array. Chromothripsis, a recently described phenomenon of massive chromosomal rearrangements, was identified in eight of 13 (62%) B/P MCL cases, and a high degree of genomic complexity with frequent copy number gains and losses was also seen. In contrast, a comparative cohort of nine cases of conventional MCL (C-MCL) showed no chromothripsis and less complexity. Twelve of 13 (92%) B/P-MCL cases showed loss of CDKN2A/B (6 biallelic and 6 monoallelic losses); while only one C-MCL showed monoallelic CDKN2A/B loss. In B/P-MCL, TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene, with mutations present in eight cases (62%), six of which showed concurrent loss of chromosome 17p. Of the eight cases with chromothripsis, six (85%) harbored TP53 mutations. Other recurrent mutations in B/P-MCL included ATM (7, 53%), CCND1 (5, 38%), NOTCH1 (2, 18%), NOTCH2, and BIRC3 (each in 3, 23%). Here, we describe high genomic instability associated with chromothripsis and a high frequency of CDKN2A/B and TP53 alterations in the aggressive variants of MCL. The nonrandom chromothripsis events observed in B/P-MCL may be an indicator of clinically aggressive MCL. In addition, frequent CDKN2A deletion and high genomic instability may provide potential targets for alternative treatment. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Secukinumab is a fully human anti-interleukin 17A monoclonal antibody widely used for moderate to severe psoriasis, with great efficiency and very infrequent adverse events. Nevertheless, we present two cases of Behçet Disease (BD) developed a few weeks after starting with secukinumab therapy for psoriasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Atg3-catalyzed transferring of Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the phagophore membrane is essential for autophagy. Previous studies have demonstrated that this process requires Atg3 to interact with the phagophore membrane via its N-terminal amphipathic helix. In this study, by using combined biochemical and biophysical approaches, our data showed that in addition to binding to the membranes, Atg3 attenuates lipid diffusion and enriches lipid molecules with smaller headgroup. Our data suggest that Atg3 promotes Atg8 lipidation via altering lipid diffusion and rearrangement. © 2020 The Protein Society.We usedHBV core antigen (HbcrAg), pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA) and other biomarkers to evaluate the therapeutic effect inHBV infected patients receiving anti-viral therapy.127HBeAg-positive patients were enrolled 35 patientsreceived nucleotide therapy, 14patients receivedinterferon and 78 patients received combination therapy with both. HBcrAg, pgRNA and other biomarkerswere detected at different time-points, wedefined the decreased titre of HBcrAg and HBeAg from baseline to 6andbaseline to 12 months as∆HBcrAg and ∆HBeAg, which were used to predict HBeAg seroconversion. Furthermore, we used the time-dependent receiver operator curve of different markers to analyse HBeAg seroconversion.For HBeAg seroconversion at 6 months, 0.75log10 U/mLof∆HBcrAgand 1.47log10 PEIU/mLof∆HBeAgshowedmaximumpredictive value in receiver operator curve analysis (Youden's indexvalues for area under the curve of 0.687and0.646, respectively). At 12 months, 2.05log10 U/mLof ∆HBcrAg and1.92 log10 PEIU/mLof ∆HBeAg showed improved prediction (maximum Youden's indexvalues,with areas under the curve of 0.688and 0.698, respectively).pg RNA was a better predictor of outcomedueand the concentrations of 6.20 log10 IU/mL of pg RNAand 8.0 log10 U/mL of HBcrAg were cut-off values for response in aKaplan-Meier curve analysis. Our results may be used to identify the pg RNA concentration in patients at baseline and ∆HBcrAg during therapy who are likely to achieve HBeAg seroconversion according to the cut-off value at different time-points, thus helping to evaluate the therapeutic effect. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Congenital nevi (CN) are pigmented lesions that undergo a morphological evolution during patient growth.1,2 Few data are available regarding CN and the correlation between dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) throughout life stages. This cross-sectional study aimed to correlate CN dermoscopy and RCM patterns and identify the prevalent patterns according to age groups. We also described the representative RCM features associated with CN. This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee (n.237/17) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peripheral Myelin Protein 2 (PMP2) is a small protein located on the cytoplasmic side of compact myelin, involved in the lipids transport and in the myelination process. In the last years few families affected with demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT1), caused by PMP2 mutations, have been identified. In this study we describe the first case of a PMP2 in-frame deletion. METHODS PMP2 was analyzed by direct sequencing after exclusion of the most frequent CMT-associated genes by using a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) genes panel. Sanger sequencing was used for family's segregation analysis. Molecular modelling analysis was used to evaluate the mutation impact on the protein structure. RESULTS A novel PMP2 p.I50del has been identified in a child with early onset CMT1 and in three affected family members. All family members show an early onset demyelinating neuropathy without other distinguish features. Molecular modelling analysis and in silico evaluations do not suggest a strong impact on the overall protein structure, but a most likely altered protein function.