nomically disadvantaged and rural or remote areas.Many disease symptoms restrict the quality of life of the affected. This usually occurs indirectly, at least in most neurological diseases. Here, impaired daily function is interposed between the symptoms and the reduced quality of life. This is reflected in the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health model published by the World Health Organization in 2001. This correlation between symptom, daily function, and quality of life makes it clear that to evaluate the success of a therapy and develop new therapies, daily function must also be evaluated as accurately as possible. However, daily function is a complex construct and therefore difficult to quantify. To date, daily function has been measured primarily by capacity (clinical assessments) and perception (surveys and patient-reported outcomes) assessment approaches. Now, daily function can be captured in a new dimension, that is, performance, through new digital technologies that can be used in the home environment of patients. This viewpoint discusses the differences and interdependencies of capacity, perception, and performance assessment types using the example of Parkinson's disease. Options regarding how future study protocols should be designed to get the most comprehensive and validated picture of daily function in patients are presented. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
  This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the association between the structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital and self-reported oral health.
 
  This study conducted individual assessments of 9,365 individuals aged 50years or older from Brazil. Four individual variables based on structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital were assessed. We used hierarchical Poisson regression models to estimate the prevalence ratio of self-reported oral health with individual structural and cognitive social capital variables adjusted for associated factors.
 
  Cognitive social capital was associated with self-reported oral health. Individuals who reported lack of neighbourhood trust and not having friends presented 14% (RP 1.14; 95% CI 1.07-1.21) and 9% (RP 1.09; 95% CI 1.01-1.19), respectively, higher prevalence of poor self-reported oral health, relative to those who trust in their neighbourhood and reported having friends.
 
  The cognitive dimension of social capital may be linked with self-reported oral health. Therefore, social capital can be stimulated in the context of social policies as its encouragement can be an efficient tool for improving individuals' health and, consequently, the oral health of the older people.
 The cognitive dimension of social capital may be linked with self-reported oral health. Therefore, social capital can be stimulated in the context of social policies as its encouragement can be an efficient tool for improving individuals' health and, consequently, the oral health of the older people.Much of our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying cnidarian-algal symbiosis comes from studying the biological differences between the partners when they are engaged in symbiosis and when they are isolated from one another. When comparing the in hospite and ex hospite states in Symbiodiniaceae, the in hospite state is represented by algae sampled from hosts, and the ex hospite state is commonly represented by cultured algae. The use of cultured algae in this comparison may introduce nutrition as a confounding variable because, while hosts are kept in nutrient-depleted conditions, culture media is nutrient rich and designed to facilitate algal growth. In this perspective, we reexamine how nutrition may be a confounding variable in studies that compare the biology of Symbiodiniaceae in hospite and in culture. We also suggest several innovations in experimental design to strengthen the comparison of the two lifestyles, including the adoption of nutritional controls, alternatives to culture for the representation of Symbiodiniaceae ex hospite, and the adoption of several proteomic approaches to find novel Symbiodiniaceae genes important for symbiosis.Algal lipids are important molecules to store energy in algae and transfer energy in the marine food chain, and are potential materials for high value nutraceuticals (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids) or biofuel production. However, how lipid biosynthesis is regulated is not well understood in many species including Eutreptiella from the phylum of Euglenozoa. Here, we characterized the fatty acid (FA) profile of an Eutreptiella species isolated from Long Island Sound, USA, using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) and investigated their biosynthesis pathways by transcriptome sequencing. We discovered 24 types of FAs including a relatively high proportion of long-chain unsaturated FAs. The abundances of C16, C18, and saturated FAs decreased when phosphate in the culture medium was depleted. Among the 24 FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (C226∆4,7,10,13,16,19 ) was most abundant, suggesting that Eutreptiella sp. preferentially invests in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PFAs). Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that Eutreptiella sp. likely synthesizes LC-PFAs via ∆8 pathway and uses type I and II fatty acid synthases. Using RT-qPCR, we found that some of the lipid synthesis genes, such as β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, fatty acid desaturase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, acyl carrier protein, ∆8 desaturase, and Acyl-ACP thioesterase, were more actively expressed during light period, and two carbon fixation genes were up-regulated in the high-lipid illuminated cultures, suggesting a linkage between photosynthesis and lipid production. The lipid profile renders Eutreptiella sp. a nutritional prey and valuable source for nutraceuticals, and the biosynthesis pathway documented here will be useful for future research and applications.
  To evaluate the effect of antibiotic regimens for chorioamnionitis on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
 
  We conducted a systematic review, wherein we searched six bibliographic databases until June 2020 and included randomized clinical trials describing antibiotic regimens for treating chorioamnionitis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool V2.0. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed and results were presented as risk ratio (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% CI.
 
  Fourteen trials at low-to-high risk of bias were included. Three trials (n=244), comparing different intrapartum antibiotic regimens, showed no difference in outcomes except for lower composite maternal morbidity (endometritis, pneumonia, sepsis, blood transfusion, and ileus) with ampicillin/sulbactam vs ampicillin/gentamicin in one study (0/43 vs 6/49, P=.03).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GSK429286A.html  Three trials (n=295) comparing different doses of intrapartum antibiotics showed no differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes, although one study showed a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment in the experimental arm (4mg/kg gentamicin q24h+1200mg clindamycin q12h) vs conventional arm (1.