https://www.selleckchem.com/products/coelenterazine.html Long-acting injectable antipsychotic agents (LAIs) including paliperidone palmitate (PP) have shown promising results in preventing relapse and rehospitalization in schizophrenia. This study aimed to ascertain the comparative real-world effectiveness between the early and late administration of PP and oral formulations of risperidone and paliperidone (ORPs) in patients experiencing a first episode or relapse of schizophrenia. We identified patients with schizophrenia admitted to a psychiatric ward at least once and treated with ORPs or PP using the Korea National Insurance Claims Database. Patients were divided into three groups based on the clinical data (1) patients treated with PP within 30 days of the initiation of treatment (early-PP), (2) patients treated with PP after 30 days of the initiation of therapy (late-PP) and (3) patients treated with only ORPs and not received PP (only-ORP). The primary outcomes were determined as psychiatric rehospitalization during the entire duration of treatment after the first discharge. A total of 3790 patients (1096 early-PP, 799 late-PP and 1895 only-ORP) were finally included in the analysis. The mean of number and total length of rehospitalization stays during the entire duration in early-PP group were significantly lower than those of late-PP group and only-ORP group (number 2.32 stays/year, 3.24 stays/year and 4.23 stays/year, p < .001; total length 50.34 days/year, 72.26 days/year and 105.14 days/year, p < .001). Early treatment with PP was associated with a greater reduction in psychiatric rehospitalization during the treatment period than late treatment with PP and ORP in schizophrenia. Early treatment with PP was associated with a greater reduction in psychiatric rehospitalization during the treatment period than late treatment with PP and ORP in schizophrenia. To compare the acceptability, reliability and validity of five contemporary diabetes-specific quality