Additionally, GJ treatment showed the dose-dependent inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Furthermore, GJ treatment downregulated the RANKL-induced cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells.
 
  In summary, GJ ameliorated periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss via inhibiting transcription factors including nuclear factor-κB, c-fos and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling. Therefore, GJ might be a therapeutic option for treating periodontitis.
 In summary, GJ ameliorated periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss via inhibiting transcription factors including nuclear factor-κB, c-fos and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling. Therefore, GJ might be a therapeutic option for treating periodontitis.
  To determine the prevalence of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in premolars whose infected predecessors were submitted to pulp therapy with antibiotic paste or extractions due to pulp necrosis.
 
  A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample consisting of children and adolescents who presented with fully erupted premolars, was evaluated. Data were collected by dental examinations, in which the modified DDE index was applied. Dental records were evaluated and three groups of premolars were determined according to the clinical history of predecessors GCTZ with pulp necrosis and treated with CTZ (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide and eugenol) paste; GE with pulp necrosis and treated by extraction; GH healthy and physiologically exfoliated. Descriptive analysis and a logistic regression (p <0.05) were performed.
 
  The study included 1017 premolars, DDE was present in 22.5%. Premolars belonging to the GE group presented higher odds of DDE (odds ratio (OR) = 3.52, 95% CI2.29-5.40) than those of GCTZ group (OR = 2.43, 95% CI1.51-3.91) and GH group (p <0.01). Enamel defects were more frequent in maxillary premolars (OR = 3.22, 95% CI1.65-6.27, OR = 3.39, 95% CI1.67-6.90, OR = 2.90, 95% CI1.48-5.66 and OR = 3.10, 95% CI1.54-6.23).
 
  The prevalence of enamel defects was higher in premolars whose predecessors were removed because of necrosis, followed by those treated with CTZ paste and those that were healthy by the time exfoliation occurred.
 The prevalence of enamel defects was higher in premolars whose predecessors were removed because of necrosis, followed by those treated with CTZ paste and those that were healthy by the time exfoliation occurred.
  This study evaluated repair protocols of a non-aged and aged bulk-fill composite in terms of bond strength and leakage.
 
  Ninety-six bulk-fill resin specimens were constructed; half were submitted to thermocycling. Specimens were divided into six groups (n = 16) according to the repair treatments CG no repair (control group); Ad adhesive; DbAd abrasion with diamond bur + adhesive; SbAd sandblasting + adhesive; DbSiAd abrasion with diamond bur + silane + adhesive; and SbSiAd sandblasting + silane + adhesive. Resin blocks were bonded to the treated surfaces to simulate repair, and the specimens were submitted to microtensile bond strength testing.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/semaxanib-su5416.html  The failure area was evaluated under a stereomicroscope (40X magnification), and leakage after specimen immersion in silver nitrate solution for 24 h was evaluated under a microscope (200X magnification). Three-way ANOVA (surface treatment, chemical agent, aging) and Tukey's test were performed.
 
  Ad and DbAd groups showed the lowest bond strengths, while Ad was the only group negatively influenced by aging. The other groups were statistically similar to the CG in both conditions. All groups exhibited leakage, but groups without silane presented a greater percentage of leakage, mainly when diamond burs were used. Thermocycling did not influence leakage, nor did surface treatment in groups with silane.
 
  For composite repair, the use of silane is recommended, mainly when diamond burs are used as a mechanical surface treatment.
 For composite repair, the use of silane is recommended, mainly when diamond burs are used as a mechanical surface treatment.
  To assess the mandibular cortical width (MCW) and morphology of the mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) on panoramic views from a large sample of males and females in various age groups by using an automated morphometric grading system for assisting osteoporosis screening. Furthermore, possible predictors and concrete cut-off values to identify the risk for osteoporosis were evaluated.
 
  MCW, MIC, tooth loss (TL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL) were retrospectively evaluated in 700 panoramic images from dental patients in Hong Kong using commercially available software. To estimate possible predictors for identifying the risk of osteoporosis, age, TL, and ABL were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each gender separately.
 
  The age groups 60s (sixties), 70s and 80s showed statistically significant gender differences. For example, a smaller MCW and more MIC Class 3 were found in females. Furthermore, females exhibited a statistically significant increase in TL in the age groups 50 years and above. In males, age, TL or ABL did not correlate with MCW, whereas in females it statistically significantly did. Meanwhile, the correlation between ABL and MCW and MIC was weak for both genders. Concrete cut-off values to identify patients at risk of osteoporosis were 60.15 years and 3.5 missing teeth in females, and 72.55 years in males.
 
  Age and tooth loss were related to MCW and MIC in the population investigated. An age of ≥60 as well as more than 3.5 teeth lost seem to be indicators for a risk of osteoporosis in Chinese females based on panoramic views using artificial-intelligence-based software.
 Age and tooth loss were related to MCW and MIC in the population investigated. An age of ≥60 as well as more than 3.5 teeth lost seem to be indicators for a risk of osteoporosis in Chinese females based on panoramic views using artificial-intelligence-based software.
  Oral mucositis (OM) is the most frequent side effect of radiation. Selenium deficiency leads to increased levels of free oxygen radicals and the selenium level tends to fall during radiotherapy. Hence, in this double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial, the effect of selenium was assessed in patients receiving radiation.
 
  Patients with head and neck cancer who were candidates to receive radiation were instructed to use selenium 200 mcg tablets twice daily. The grade of OM was evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system on a weekly basis. The selenium level was measured at baseline and at the end of the radiation.
 
  Seventy-one patients with head and neck cancer (37 in the selenium group, 34 in the placebo group) were enrolled in the study. The cumulative incidence of OM (grade 1-4) was 97.3% in the selenium and 100% in placebo group (p value 0.79), and difference in the mean serum selenium level at the end of radiation was not statistically significant between the two groups (p value 0.