of traumatic fatalities. The 2003 NCAA out-of-season model has failed to significantly reduce EHS fatalities. The 2010 NCAA SCT screening bylaw has effectively prevented ES with SCT fatalities in NCAA Division I football. TGF-β isoforms play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. Therefore, targeting and inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway provides a potential therapeutic opportunity. TGF-β isoforms bind and bring the receptors (TβRII and TβRI) together to form a signaling complex in an ordered manner. Herein, an antagonistic variant of TGF-β (AnTβ) has been designed and prepared to inhibit the formation of signaling complex and consequently its signaling pathway. This TGF-β homodimeric variant contains intact TβRII binding sites and blocked TβRI binding sites by substituting three peptide segments. So, AnTβ could only bind to TβRII, but prevent binding and recruitment of TβRI to form a signaling complex. A reliable model of AnTβ was built and refined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, followed by investigating the interactions of AnTβ with the receptors using in silico docking studies. After expression of disulfide-linked AnTβ in a SHuffle strain and purification of the protein using affinity chromatography, its biological activity was evaluated using Mink lung epithelial cells (Mvl Lu). No meaningful significant changes in AnTβ structure were observed when compared with the native protein. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bmh-21.html Based on the docking analysis, AnTβ binds to TβRII similar to TGF-β and its binding to TβRI was diminished considerably which was consistent with our design purpose. Cell-based bioassay indicated that AnTβ could modulate TGF-β-induced cell growth inhibition. Our analysis suggests that the antagonistic potency of AnTβ can be used as an anti-TGFβ signaling factor in the future perspectives. Our analysis suggests that the antagonistic potency of AnTβ can be used as an anti-TGFβ signaling factor in the future perspectives. Many problems of combinatorial optimization, which are solvable only in exponential time, are known to be Non-Deterministic Polynomial hard (NP-hard). With the advent of parallel machines, new opportunities have been emerged to develop the effective solutions for NP-hard problems. However, solving these problems in polynomial time needs massive parallel machines and is not applicable up to now. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) computing provides a fantastic method to solve NP-hard problems in polynomial time. Accordingly, one of the famous NP-hard problems is assignment problem, which is designed to find the best assignment of n jobs to n persons in a way that it could maximize the profit or minimize the cost. Applying bio molecular operations of Adelman Lipton model, a novel parallel DNA algorithm have been proposed for solving the assignment problem. The proposed algorithm can solve the problem in time complexity, and just O(n ) initial DNA strand in comparison with nn initial sequence, which is used by the other methods. In this article, using DNA computing, we proposed a parallel DNA algorithm to solve the assignment problem in linear time. In this article, using DNA computing, we proposed a parallel DNA algorithm to solve the assignment problem in linear time. Cysteine proteases of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, participate in catabolism of proteins, migration of the fluke through host tissues and combat host immune system. In this study, we evaluated proteolytic activity of F. hepatica recombinant cathepsin L1 (rCL1) against gelatin and collagen as common substrates. The coding sequences of F. hepatica CL1 were cloned and expressed in E. coli, in our previous study. The rCL1 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography with a HisTrap Column. The protein concentrations of the purified fractions were determined by Bradford assay. Rat collagen type-1 was treated with distinct amounts of rCL1 at 37 °C, overnight, and the byproduct was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, we used bovine skin gelatin as zymography substrate to evaluate the gelatinolytic activity of the purified rCL1. Recombinant CL1 was capable to digest intact type-1 collagen within 24 h and the gelatinlytic activity of rCL1 was visible at approximately 37 kDa region, with optimal activity at acidified conditions (pH 4). Findings provide a possible mechanism by which a major secretory molecule of F. hepatica could be involved in parasite survival as well as its pathogenesis. Findings provide a possible mechanism by which a major secretory molecule of F. hepatica could be involved in parasite survival as well as its pathogenesis. Phenol is an aromatic pollutant in industrial wastes that in combination with salts is highly toxic for all forms of life. Phenol elimination is the foremost challenge to meet the goal of pollutant-free environment. The present study was carried out to isolate phenol degrading bacteria which can degrade phenol under saline conditions and to identify the isolated strains using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Sediment samples were collected from Rawal Lake, Islamabad, Pakistan and enriched in mineral salt medium (MSM) containing phenol (150 mg.L ). Isolated strains were identified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Growth of strains were tested at different pH, NaCl concentrations and temperature using Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA). Tolerance to phenol (0-750 mg.L ) was checked at 5% NaCl and phenol degrading experiment was performed at 4% NaCl, pH 7 and 30 oC. In both, phenol tolerance and degradation study, phenol was used a sole source of carbon and energy. Thirteen bacterial strains were isolated after enrichment among which, NIGAB-1 was found capable of degrading phenol in saline conditions. This strain was identified as sp. NIGAB-1 on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the closest match was with 99.71% sequence identity. The sp. NIGAB-1 exhibited best growth at 30 oC at pH 7 with 10% NaCl. The optimum phenol concentration for growth was recorded as 300 mg.L . This strain degraded 300 mg.L-1 of phenol at 4% NaCl in 120 hours with the average degradation rate of 2.63 mg.L .h. These findings suggest that this strain could be efficient in phenol degradation at adverse environmental conditions and helpful in remediation of phenol where the salt concentration is high. These findings suggest that this strain could be efficient in phenol degradation at adverse environmental conditions and helpful in remediation of phenol where the salt concentration is high.