https://www.selleckchem.com/products/itf3756.html on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.AIM To explore HIV-positive drug users' experiences of taking antiretroviral medications in Taiwan and further develop a conceptual model that can be used to understand their adherence to the long-term treatment. BACKGROUND The global vision of ending AIDS by 2030 cannot be achieved without addressing HIV-positive drug users' experience of taking antiretroviral treatment. There remains a paucity of qualitative evidence on HIV-positive drug users' experiences of taking antiretroviral medications globally and in East Asia. Nurses play a key role in supporting HIV-positive drug users throughout their treatment process. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand HIV-positive drug users' experiences of managing long-term anti-HIV treatment. DESIGN This qualitative study drew on a constructivist grounded theory approach to achieve the aims. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 HIV-positive drug users were conducted in Taiwan between September 2015 and July 2016. Data were analysed using Charmaz's coding principlevelopment of tailored adherence assessment and associated nursing interventions for this population. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM To examine the influence of sociodemographic factors of interest on preference for a particular health education format among people with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. METHODS A questionnaire was used to collect information on the influence of six sociodemographic factors of interest on the preference for health education formats in people with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Chi-squared tests were used to examine the distribution of preferences between groups. The characteristics of the population preferring the online format were then examined in more detail using logistic regression. RESULTS Responses were received from 1559 participants. Overall the preferred health education form