https://www.selleckchem.com/products/favipiravir-t-705.html In this study, competitive adsorption behaviour and mechanisms of Cd2+, Ni2+ and NH4+ by fresh and artificially ageing biochars produced from rice straw at 400 and 700 °C (RB400, RB700, HRB400 and HRB700) were investigated. Cd2+ competed with Ni2+ and NH4+ for the overlapped adsorption sites on the biochars. For Cd2+ and Ni2+ adsorption, cation exchange (Qci) and mineral co-precipitation (Qcp) were the primary mechanisms for the low-temperature and high-temperature biochars, respectively. However, the other potential mechanisms (Qco) made the greatest contributions to NH4+ adsorption (>60%). Cd2+ and Ni2+ competition increased the proportions of mineral co-precipitation (Qcp) and other potential mechanisms (Qco) but decreased that of cation exchange (Qci) mechanism. Biochar ageing increased the contribution of surface complexation (Qcf) mechanism, especially for the low-temperature biochars. This study indicated that biochar aging and types and states of adsorbates should be considered when biochars were applied to remove contaminants. This study aimed to improve valuable omega-3 fatty acids production in freshwater microalgae at normal temperature by inducing homeoviscous adaptation using CaCl2, which could have a role in decreasing the cellular membrane fluidity followed by increasing the rigidity of cell wall and membranes. At 10 mM CaCl2, simultaneous biomass and lipid production was obtained by Ca2+-based single strategy without considerable sacrifice of cellular logarithmic growth in Chlorella sorokiniana. The cells cultured at 10 mM CaCl2 (1-stage) showed relatively high levels of cellular membrane fluidity, caused by increased content in unsaturated fatty acids, compared to the conventional culture strategy (2-stage). Moreover, when this process was recycled by repeated-batch fermentation, the EPA productivity of 1-stage was 4.338 mg L-1 d-1, conspicuously increased by over 1300% compared to 2-stage