gic stone. This study determines the prevalence and clinical presentation of detrusor underactivity (DU) and its urodynamic characteristics in adult patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This retrospective study has reviewed the symptoms and urodynamic study (UDS) findings of 283 patients with LUTS. Chi-square analysis was used to present the prevalence of UDS characteristics in both sexes. Out of records of 206 patients included in this study, fifty-one (24.76%) patients were diagnosed with DU based on bladder contractility index. Storage lower urinary tract symptoms were the most prevalent characteristic presentation in both sexes as compared to the difficulty in voiding, recurrent urine retention, and urinary incontinence. Bladder outlet, sphincter EMG findings, and degree of DU were significantly correlated with gender. DU is a prevalent and sophisticated bladder pathology rather than a simple one. It requires more attention from the urologists, and evaluations, including UDS, to differentiate it from other pathologies. DU is a prevalent and sophisticated bladder pathology rather than a simple one. It requires more attention from the urologists, and evaluations, including UDS, to differentiate it from other pathologies.Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by a predominant type 2 immune response. Type 2 immunity is driven by multiple cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑4 and IL-13 that are considered central to AD pathogenesis and key therapeutic targets. The dual inhibition of these two cytokines or the selective inhibition of IL-13 proved elevated efficacy in treating AD, whereas the selective inhibition of IL-4 has been poorly investigated as IL-4 inhibiting agents did not show any advance in clinical development programs. This review describes the pathogenic role of IL-4 in AD and briefly resumes the main features of compounds selectively blocking IL-4.The global threat of COVID-19 is continued with no commercially available vaccine or drug yet. While the application of convalescent therapy is usually beneficial, for critically ill patients, the detrimental effect associated with some antibodies is also reported. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is described, albeit the lack of defining whether the difference in subclasses has a beneficial or detrimental role. IgG2 has limited ability to activate innate immune cells and complement-mediated inflammation, which have been inversely described in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The expansion of IgG2 is promoted by interferon γ (IFN-γ); however, there is a low level of IFN-γ in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this review describes the importance of targeting IgG2, with IFN-γ in minimizing the SARS-CoV-2 associated inflammation, and may provide insight into the design of vaccine or antibody-based therapies to COVID-19 disease. Nasal sprays are used to deliver the medications locally to the nasal cavity. The majority of patients have been observed to perform nasal spray use techniques inadequately. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the intervention on nasal spray use technique. This was a prospective pre- and post-interventional study to evaluate the nasal spray use technique among the subjects with the help of nasal spray checklist. A standardized WHO nasal spray checklist was used on the study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from July to October 2019. Subjects were asked to demonstrate the technique and a scoring system was applied before and after the intervention by the researcher. The total score of the intervention technique ranges from 0 to 11. After evaluation of the technique at the first visit, subjects were provided with an informative leaflet having all the steps to be followed to use the spray and the technique was re-evaluated after 10 days. A total of 81 subjects (51.9% manals will improve the proper use technique of nasal spray, hence increasing the effectiveness of the therapy. The epidemiology of cattle abortion and its association with brucellosis is not well understood in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude, associated risk factors of abortion, and its association with brucellosis in cattle of Jimma zone, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2018 to October 2019 in Jimma zone. A total of 484 pregnant cattle were randomly selected from two districts based on the composition of the cattle population. Besides, blood samples were collected from a total of 484 randomly selected cattle to assess the presence of antibody. The presence of an antibody against organism was first tested by the Rose Bengal Plate test, and then positive serum was confirmed using the complement fixation test. An overall 14.30% cumulative incidence rate of abortion was recorded in study areas. In this study, breed, herd size, method of breeding, previous history of abortion, accessibility of dog to cattle and season were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of cattle abortion. Higher cumulative incidence of abortion (31.82%) was observed in antibody positive cattle than those of antibody negative cattle (13.42%). However, the difference noted was not statistically significant ( <0.05). It is important to create awareness about the impact of the abortion on cattle production and the applicable control technique of abortion should be aimed and implemented. Moreover, further investigation should be conducted to identify the specific cause of abortion and the associated loss in the study areas. It is important to create awareness about the impact of the abortion on cattle production and the applicable control technique of abortion should be aimed and implemented. Moreover, further investigation should be conducted to identify the specific cause of abortion and the associated loss in the study areas.[This corrects the article on p. 86 in vol. 10, PMID 32676444.].This article summarizes the first and second Iranian brain-computer interface competitions held in 2017 and 2018 by the National Brain Mapping Lab. Two 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) datasets were contributed, including motor imagery as well as motor execution by three limbs. The competitors were asked to classify the type of motor imagination or execution based on EEG signals in the first competition and the type of executed motion as well as the movement onset in the second competition. Here, we provide an overview of the datasets, the tasks, the evaluation criteria, and the methods proposed by the top-ranked teams. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sirtinol.html We also report the results achieved with the submitted algorithms and discuss the organizational strategies for future campaigns.