1%, 6.1%, and 4.5%, respectively. Use of biologics did not show a moderating effect on mechanical ventilation (p = 0.68), ICU admission (p = 0.27), or mortality (p = 0.20).
 
  Our findings advocate for the continued biologic therapy in IBD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the incidence, severity, and outcomes related to COVID-19 in IBD patients' needs to be reassessed as data continues to emerge.
 Our findings advocate for the continued biologic therapy in IBD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the incidence, severity, and outcomes related to COVID-19 in IBD patients' needs to be reassessed as data continues to emerge.Oil spills from pipelines are a hazardous contamination source for agricultural soils. We investigated the effects of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) soil contamination, resulting from a real diesel oil pipeline spill, on the growth of Lupinus albus and Raphanus sativus plants. These species are widely cultivated for food purposes and have not been previously tested in soils affected by oil spills. Mesocosm-scale experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, and the potential transfer of hydrocarbons from soil to plant was evaluated. The results indicated that hydrocarbons in soil altered the soil nutrient balance and adversely affected plant growth. The C > 12 content in the aerial part was lower in plants grown in the contaminated soil than in plants grown in the control soil. The reduction in plant growth was not related to the accumulation of hydrocarbons in plant tissue, but rather to the deterioration in soil quality due to the oil spill.
  Increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. However, most metabolomic studies are limited to an analysis of plasma metabolites under fasting conditions, rather than the dynamic shift in response to a metabolic challenge. Moreover, metabolomic profiles of peripheral tissues involved in glucose homeostasis are scarce and the transcriptomic regulation of genes involved in BCAA catabolism is partially unknown. This study aimed to identify differences in circulating and skeletal muscle BCAA levels in response to an OGTT in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html  Additionally, transcription factors involved in the regulation of the BCAA gene set were identified.
 
  Plasma and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from individuals with NGT or type 2 diabetes before and after an OGTT. Plasma and quadriceps muscles were harvested from skeletal muscle-specific Ppargc1a knockout and transgenic mice. BCAA-related metaboliteator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α, encoded by PPARGC1A), 61% of the analysed BCAA genes were upregulated, while 67% were downregulated in the quadriceps of skeletal muscle-specific Ppargc1a knockout mice. ESRRA (encoding ERRα) silencing completely abrogated the PGC-1α-induced upregulation of BCAA-related genes in primary human myotubes.
 
  Metabolic inflexibility in type 2 diabetes impacts BCAA homeostasis and attenuates the decrease in circulating and skeletal muscle BCAA-related metabolites after a glucose challenge. Transcriptional regulation of BCAA genes in primary human myotubes via PGC-1α is ERRα-dependent.
 Metabolic inflexibility in type 2 diabetes impacts BCAA homeostasis and attenuates the decrease in circulating and skeletal muscle BCAA-related metabolites after a glucose challenge. Transcriptional regulation of BCAA genes in primary human myotubes via PGC-1α is ERRα-dependent.
  People with diabetes have an increased cardiovascular risk with an accelerated development of atherosclerosis and an elevated mortality rate after myocardial infarction. Therefore, cardioprotective effects of glucose-lowering therapies are of major importance for the pharmacotherapy of individuals with type 2 diabetes. For sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), in addition to a reduction in blood glucose, beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, obesity, renal function and blood pressure have been observed. Recent results showed a reduced risk of worsening heart failure and cardiovascular deaths under dapagliflozin treatment irrespective of the diabetic state. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet unknown. Platelets are known drivers of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis and disturbed platelet activation has also been suggested to occur in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin on the interplay between platelets and inflammation iiven by elevated HDL-cholesterol and ameliorated thrombin-platelet-mediated inflammation without interfering with haemostasis. This glucose-independent mechanism likely contributes to dapagliflozin's beneficial cardiovascular risk profile.
 We demonstrate that dapagliflozin-mediated atheroprotection in mice is driven by elevated HDL-cholesterol and ameliorated thrombin-platelet-mediated inflammation without interfering with haemostasis. This glucose-independent mechanism likely contributes to dapagliflozin's beneficial cardiovascular risk profile.Phage recombinase function unit (PRFU) plays a key role in the life cycle of phage. Repurposing this system such as lambda-Redαβ or Rac-RecET for recombineering has gained success in Escherichia coli. Previous studies have showed that most PRFUs only worked well in its native hosts but poorly in the distant species. Thus, identification of new PRFUs in specific species is necessary for the development of its corresponding genetic engineering tools. Here, we present a thorough study of PRFUs in the genomes of genus Corynebacterium. We first used a database to database searching method to facilitate accurate prediction of novel PRFUs in 423 genomes. A total number of 60 sets of unique PRFUs were identified and divided into 8 types based on evolution affinities. Recombineering ability of the 8 representative PRFUs was experimentally verified in the Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 strain. In particular, PRFU from C. aurimucosum achieved highest efficiency in both ssDNA and dsDNA mediated recombineering, which is expected to greatly facilitate genome engineering in genus Corynebacterium.