Our current research findings have implications for training and developing employees. © 2020 New York Academy of Sciences.BACKGROUND Maternal serum IgG antibody against Porphyromonas gingivalis is an indicator of both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the anti-P. gingivalis IgG and IgG subclasses1-4 in threatened preterm labour (TPL) patients and their association with small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS Serum, saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 47 TPL patients compared with 48 healthy pregnant women. The amount of P. gingivalis was measured in saliva and plaque using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG titre and anti-P. gingivalis subclasses IgG 1-4 concentration were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The amount of anti-P. gingivalis IgG-1 was significantly lower in the TPL group than in the healthy group. Fourteen subjects delivered SGA infants in the TPL group. The pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss, PPD ≥ 5 mm%, amount of P. gingivalis in plaque, anti-P. gingivalis IgG and anti-P. gingivalis IgG-4 were significantly higher in the TPL-SGA group than in the TPL-normal weight group. Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed the detection frequency of P. gingivalis in plaque and placenta weight were significantly correlated with SGA in TPL. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an amount of P. gingivalis in plaque ≥ 86.45 copies showed a sensitivity of 0.786 and a specificity of 0.727 (AUC 0.792) for predicting SGA in TPL. CONCLUSION Lower anti-P. gingivalis IgG-1 amounts are related to TPL, while higher anti-P. gingivalis IgG and IgG-4 are related with SGA in TPL. Further, greater colonisation of P. gingivalis in plaque might increase the risk of SGA and can be useful in prediction of SGA in TPL. © 2020 FDI World Dental Federation.Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by defects in the function or structure of motitle cilia. In most cases, causative variants result in axonemal dynein arm anomalies, however, PCD due to radial spoke (RS) and central pair (CP) of microtubules has been rarely reported. To identify the molecular basis of PCD characterized by RS/CP defects, we performed whole exome sequencing in PCD patients with RS/CP defects. We identified a homozygous nonsense variant (c.572G>A; p.Trp191*) in NME5, which encodes a protein component of the RS neck, in one PCD patient with situs solitus. Morpholino knockdown of nme5 in zebrafish embryos resulted in motile cilia defects with phenotypes compatible with ciliopathy. This is the first study to show NME5 as a PCD-causative gene in humans. Our findings indicate that NME5 screening should be considered for PCD patients with RS/CP defects. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) play critical roles in female reproduction, while the underlying genetic basis is poorly understood. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of FSH and LH levels were conducted in 2590 Chinese females including 1882 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cases and 708 controls. GWAS for FSH level identified multiple variants at FSHR showing genome-wide significance with the top variant (rs2300441) located in the intron of FSHR. The A allele of rs2300441 led to a reduced level of FSH in the PCOS group (β = -.43, P = 6.70 × 10-14 ) as well as in the control group (β = -.35, P = 6.52 × 10-4 ). In the combined sample, this association was enhanced after adjusting for the PCOS status (before β = -.38, P = 1.77 × 10-13 ; after β = -.42, P = 3.33 × 10-16 ), suggesting the genetic effect is independent of the PCOS status. The rs2300441 explained sevenfold higher proportion of the FSH variance than the total variance explained by the two previously reported FSHR missense variants (rs2300441 R2 = 1.40% vs rs6166 R2 = 0.17%, rs6165 R2 = 0.03%). GWAS for LH did not identify any genome-wide significant associations. In conclusion, we identified genome-wide significant association between variants in FSHR and circulating FSH first, with the top associated variant rs2300441 might be a primary contributor at the population level. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare and devastating epileptic encephalopathy with historically abysmal neurocognitive outcomes, including a high incidence of mortality. It tends to affect children and young adults and is characterized by superrefractory status epilepticus following a recent febrile illness. Growing evidence suggests a heterogeneous etiology resulting in fulminant nonantibody-mediated neuroinflammation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dx3-213b.html  For some children with FIRES, this aberrant neuroinflammation appears secondary to a functional deficiency in the endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. A precise etiology has not been identified in all FIRES patients, and current treatments are not always successful. Limited treatment evidence exists to guide choice, dosing, and duration of therapies. However, the ketogenic diet and certain targeted immunomodulatory treatments, including anakinra, appear safe and have been associated with relatively excellent clinical outcomes in some FIRES patients. Future prospective multicenter collaborative studies are needed to further delineate the FIRES heterogeneous disease pathophysiology and to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment strategies through a robust measurement of neurocognitive outcomes. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Epilepsy is a common disorder in children and adults that causes significant morbidity and affects many aspects of a patient's lives. Two-thirds of patients with epilepsy are controlled with established antiseizure medications, leaving a significant number of patients searching for other options. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advancements in the management of treatment-resistant epilepsy in pediatric patients. Recent publications have shown the efficacy of new pharmaceutical options such as fenfluramine and cannabidiol, some of which have been tested specifically in patients with childhood-onset epilepsy syndromes such as Dravet's syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut's syndrome. Furthermore, recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of stiripentol has made available a previously difficult-to-obtain option for patients with Dravet's syndrome. Finally, implanted responsive neurostimulation devices for direct cortical stimulation and deep brain stimulation have shown efficacy in adult patients and may represent a thrilling new horizon for pediatric patients.