https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html 032 and p = 0.046). Frequent mouth-to-object and frequent mouthing a pacifier were associated with lower TDCIPP (p = 0.019) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) HW levels, respectively (p = 0.002-0.019). Exposure estimates based on hand-to-mouth behavior did not exceed the available reference doses. This is the first study investigating toddler-behavior in relation to FR hand loadings. Although a range of behaviors was investigated, only a few showed a relation with FR HW levels, suggesting that toddler-behavior might not alone be responsible for the elevated FR levels in children. It is therefore important to explore other pathways including dermal absorption and inhalation. Groundwater treatment sludge is an Fe-rich waste continuously generated in large amounts through potable water production at groundwater treatment plants. In this study, the sludge was converted to erdite nanorod particles via a one-step hydrothermal route with only adding Na2S. The sludge was a mixture of ferrihydrite, hematite and Si/Al oxides. After hyddrothemal treatment, erdite was primarily formed from ferrihydrite, which accounted for 91.2% of the Fe species in the sludge, whereas approximately 8.8% of hematite accounted for the Fe species that remained before and after the reaction. The produced erdite nanorods were approximately 200 nm in diameter and 1-3 μm in length. They also exhibited a superior efficiency in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Nearly 100% quinoline removal (initail concentration = 10 mg L-1) was achieved when the eridite nanorods were used with PMS. The removal rate of quinoline was much higher than that of raw sludge, nano-scale zero-valent iron, FeS, hematite and magnetite. The erdite nanorods or the PMS alone had a quinoline removal rate of less than 20%. The erdite nanorods were spontaneously hydrolysed to generate Fe2+ for PMS activation and to form S species for the reductive cycling of Fe3+ to Fe2+