South West and Northern Key Nigeria: Evaluation associated with cassava mosaic ailment and area status involving Africa cassava variety trojan as well as Eastern African cassava variety malware.
 Neocompsa bravo sp. nov. (Neoibidionini, Compsina) is described from the United States of America (southern Texas). Tetranodus reticeps (Bates, 1880) (Tillomorphini, Tillomorphina) is redescribed and recorded from Honduras. A key to species of Tetranodus is provided and notes on the number of specimens in the original description of Tetranodus reticeps (Bates, 1880) are provided. A new species of Pentanodes (Tillomorphini, Tillomorphina) from Nicaragua is described and the following new combinations are proposed for species formerly in Tetranodus Pentanodes xanthocollis (Chemsak, 1977), and P. tropipennis (Chemsak, 1977).The whitefly genus Minutaleyrodes Jesudasan and David is revised based upon the examination of type specimens, and Minutaleyrodes andamanensis sp. nov. on Aporosa octandra (Phyllanthaceae), and Minutaleyrodes whisper sp. nov. on Psychotria andamanica (Rubiaceae) are described from the Little Andaman Island, India. The following taxonomic changes are proposed Minutaleyrodes tricolorata Pushpa and Sundararaj syn. nov. is synonymized with Dialeurodes turpiniae (Meganathan and David), and Minutaleyrodes cherasensis (Corbett) syn. nov. with Minutaleyrodes minuta (Singh); Aleuroclava kolliensis (David) comb. nov. for Aleurotuberculatus kolliensis David, and Aleuroclava pearlis (Pushpa and Sundararaj) comb. nov. for Minutaleyrodes pearlis Pushpa and Sundararaj. A revised key to puparia of Minutaleyrodes and new host plant records are included. Habitus of the holotype of the new species illustrations, line drawings, microphotographs and scanning electron microscope images of the new and known species are provided.The bee fly genus Hemipenthes Loew in the New World reflects a heterogeneous assemblage of species. Study of species attributed to Painter Painter's 1962 Villa "celer" group (the species were later transferred to Hemipenthes) from the southern United States, and Central and South America shows a suite of characters that separate it from Hemipenthes s. str. and it is here described as the new genus Ins Evenhuis, n. gen. with its type species Anthrax ignea Macquart. Eight described species are here transferred to Ins Ins celeris (Wiedemann, 1828), n. comb., Ins constituta (Walker, 1852), n. comb.; Ins curta (Loew, 1869), n.  https://www.selleckchem.com/btk.html  comb., Ins ignea (Macquart, 1846), n. comb.; Ins leucocephala (Wulp, 1886), n. comb., Ins martinorum (Painter, 1962), n. comb., Ins minas (Macquart, 1848), n. comb., and Ins pleuralis (Williston, 1901), n. comb. Two new species, Ins pectorcolumbo Evenhuis, n. sp. from El Salvador and Ins zanouts Evenhuis, n. sp. from Panama and Costa Rica are described and illustrated. The holotype of Anthrax divisa Walker, 1852, has been examined and found to be conspecific with Ins minas (Macquart, 1848), n. syn., and Anthrax galathea Osten Sacken, 1886 is found to be synonymous with Ins constituta (Walker, 1852), n. syn. Two other South American species currently in Hemipenthes, H. melaleuca (Wiedemann), and H. ruficollis (Bigot) are here transferred to Chrysanthrax, n. combs. A key to species in the genus is given.Although the French Polynesian reefs are among the most well studied reefs of the world, sponges are still poorly known, with only 199 species or OTUs of sponges having been described from French Polynesia, 167 at an OTU level and 32 at a species level. From those 199 species, just five are calcareous sponges. As it is possible that this number is underestimated, the aim of the present work was to study the diversity of calcareous sponges from French Polynesia. Hence, different French Polynesian archipelagos were surveyed by SCUBA from 3 to 60 m of depth. Identifications were performed using morphological and molecular (ITS and C-LSU) tools. We found a total of nine species of Calcarea, comprising five different genera. Five species are new to science Clathrina fakaravae sp. nov., Clathrina huahineae sp. nov., Ernstia variabilis sp. nov., Leucascus digitiformis sp. nov., and Leucandra tahuatae sp. nov. With the present work, the number of identified sponges from French Polynesia at a species level increased from 32 to 41. The only calcareous sponge previously known from French Polynesia that was recollected by our group was Leucetta chagosensis. Our results suggest that the Eastern Indo-Pacific Realm shows more affinity with the Central and the Western Indo-Pacific Realms. Four species supported these affinities Ascandra cf. crewsi, previously known only from Papua New Guinea, Leucascus simplex from South Australia, and Leucetta chagosensis and L. microraphis, both widespread species in the Indo-Pacific. These two Leucetta species, however, most likely represent species complexes. Once again the molecular markers ITS and C-LSU helped in the identification of calcareous sponges, showing how important is an integrative taxonomy. Although our work has increased in 250% (6 spp to 15 spp) the diversity of calcareous sponges in French Polynesia, it is most possible that this number is still underestimated.We describe a new species of Dryocalamus based on two specimens collected from the wet zone rainforests of southwestern Sri Lanka. Dryocalamus chithrasekarai sp. nov., is distinguished from congeners by its colour pattern (anterior body with solid white bands and a checkered appearance on the posterior lateral body, with consecutive bands coalescing along the ventrolateral margin; posterior margin of the nuchal band flat); the absence of a preocular scale; loreal in contact with supraocular; dorsal scales smooth and in 15 straight rows; cloacal shield divided. In addition, we find that previous records of Dryocalamus gracilis are probably spurious.We list all 56 currently known Acalyptris Meyrick species from North and South America, designate five new species groups, and provide pictorial diagnostics for all nine revised species groups of the American fauna. We describe seven new species A. marmor Stonis Diškus, sp. nov., A. barbudo Stonis Remeikis, sp. nov., A. jareki Stonis Diškus, sp. nov., A. hilli Stonis Diškus, sp. nov., A. mortalis Diškus Stonis, sp. nov., A. hyacinthum Stonis Vargas, sp.  https://www.selleckchem.com/btk.html  nov., and A. extremus Stonis Diškus, sp. nov. We provide new data on morphology, biology or distribution for the following species A. murex Diškus Stonis, A. hispidus Puplesis Robinson, A. trifidus Puplesis Robinson, A. bifidus Puplesis Robinson, A. terrificus Šimkevičiūtė Stonis, and particularly A. yucatani Remeikis Stonis. We transfer Fomoria miranda Diškus Stonis to Acalyptris and provide the first photographic documentation of A. novenarius Puplesis Robinson, A. fortis Puplesis Robinson, A. martinheringi Puplesis Robinson, A. basihastatus Puplesis Diškus, A.