Hierarchical logistic regression found that exposure to marital violence, parent-to-child aggression, trait anger, and aggressive scripts were significant predictors of both mother and father abuse. However, other factors related to abuse differed according to which parent was the target of abuse. For instance, male sex was a significant predictor of father abuse, whereas rumination and impulsive emotional regulation were significant predictors of mother abuse. Overall, father abuse was better explained by the model than mother abuse. The results suggest that although factors related to general aggressive behavior may be good predictors for father abuse, additional factors may be needed to explain mother abuse.Understanding how and why physical intimate partner violence (IPV) persists in high-risk communities has proven difficult. As IPV is both sensitive and illegal, people may be inclined to misreport their views and experiences. By embedding a list randomization experiment (LRE), which increases respondent privacy, in a survey of 809 adult Arsi Oromo men and women in rural south-central Ethiopia, we test the reliability of direct questioning survey methods (e.g., used in the Demographic and Health Surveys) for measuring attitudes that underpin the acceptability of IPV. Participants were randomly assigned versions of the survey in which they were asked either directly or indirectly about the acceptability of wife-beating. By comparing responses across these surveys, we identify the extent to which views are being misreported using direct questioning methods, as well as identifying the "true" predictors of continued support for wife-beating. Indirect questioning reveals that almost one third of the sample believe that wife-beating is acceptable. Adults (particularly men) who are less educated (50% endorsement). These individuals, however, are also more inclined to hide their approval when asked directly by an interviewer. That we find high but underreported support for wife-beating among some members of the community demonstrates a clear need to encourage a more open dialogue, to prevent violence toward women remaining undetected and thus unchanged. This finding also raises questions about the accuracy of traditional direct questioning for capturing information on IPV attitudes and norms. Of relevance to policy, we find that wife-beating is entirely absent only among adults with higher levels of education, living in households where decision making is shared between couples.MeToo movement unveiled the high prevalence of sexual assault in Chinese colleges. To create a safer environment, many Chinese universities require students to engage in bystander intervention sessions, which encourages students to assess, identify, and interrupt the harmful situation. Drawing upon health belief model and theory of planned behavior, this study tests the effects of bystander intervention programs, exposure to news reports on MeToo movement, and institutional responses to sexual violence events on bystander intervention intention and behaviors. The results of an online survey (N = 814) indicated that bystander intervention programs were effective in changing attendees' perceived benefits, subjective norms, and bystander self-efficacy, which, in turn, led to increased bystander intervention intention and actual behaviors. Moreover, exposure to MeToo movement reports and institutional responses to sexual assault events were significant predictors of bystander intervention intention and behaviors via the mediation of perceived benefits, perceived costs, and subjective norms. The results provide valuable implications for developing effective bystander intervention programs in Chinese college communities.Awareness of and responses to intimate partner violence against women (IPV-W) have been increasing steadily since the early 1970s. However, one of the most frequently used and effective strategies by abusive partners, economic abuse (EA), has received much less attention than physical or sexual abuse. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with IPV-W service users (n = 15) and providers (n = 24) in England to expand the knowledge-base and provide support regarding the reality and impact of EA, the economic barriers and supports experienced when trying to obtain help, and recommendations for remediating EA. Grounded theory procedures of open, axial, and selective coding techniques were utilized for data analysis. Five themes, (a) definitions and prevalence of EA, (b) service users experiences of EA, (c) continued impact of EA, (d) barriers to obtaining help, and (e) goals regarding finances, emerged with both groups. The theme professional responses to EA also surfaced for service providers, and service users discussed the additional theme of service users' support when experiencing EA. The study participants' recommendations include (a) identifying EA as a distinct type of IPV-W, (b) updating legal guideline to allow offenders of EA to be prosecuted, (c) encouraging banks to do more to assist victims of EA, and (d) updating police training and frontline workers to include EA. The narratives of the study participants underscore the import of collaboration with and involvement of IPV-W service user and provider stakeholders when developing and implementing policies, programs, and practices to prevent further EA and meet the distinctive needs of women who experience EA as a part of IPV-W.Objective To prospectively investigate perinatal grief in women with pregnancy loss.Methods A total of 215 women (mean (SD) age 30.7 (5.9) years) who experienced pregnancy loss were included. Data on sociodemographic, marital and obstetric characteristics and Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) (first 48 h, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the loss) were recorded.Results Active grief scores were lower (p ranged   less then  .05 to less then .01), while difficulty coping (p  less then  .05 for each) and despair (p  less then  .05 for each) scores were higher in the 3rd month as compared with prior assessments. All PGS scores at the 48 h and 3rd month assessments were significantly higher in assisted and planned pregnancies (p  less then  .01 for each). Maternal age was positively correlated with 48 h active grief (r = 0.19, p  less then  .001), despair (r = 0.13, p  less then  .05) and total PGS (r = 0.13, p  less then  .05) scores.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vb124.html  Parity and the number of children were negatively correlated (r ranged from -0.35 to -0.