https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oleic-acid.html However, the sampled patients could not be considered to have a high speech articulation ( less then 85%) as the normal value was above or equal to 96%. Our results showed that pharyngeal flap surgery could correct the speech function of older patients with posterior velopharyngeal insufficiency to some extent. Owing to the original errors in pronunciation patterns, pathological speech articulation still existed, and speech treatment is required in the future.PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective study was to study the effects of the war against ISIS during period (2014-2018) on the incidence of cleft lip and palate and the appearance of different congenital anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The collected sample consists of 320 newborn babies (160 patients and 160 infants as a control). The examined patients and controls were all included in this study, while the authors exclude those who born to relative parents, and if the mothers had taken any medications during pregnancy.All newborn cases and controls were physically examined by the research team, and a questionnaire was completed after obtaining the informed consent of mothers and/or fathers. RESULTS In this study, the authors found that 160 patients out of 40,500 live births were born with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, so their percentage was 0.39% from population, that is mean approximately 4 infants affected per each 1000 live births. The risk of cleft development among children who born to fathers who participated in long fighting against the terrorists was (OR = 44.333, 95% CI 20.176-97.417). The associated combined anomalies were found in 88 patients (79%) especially among those whom fathers participated in the war CONCLUSION From this study the authors can conclude that the dramatic increase in the incidence of cleft lip and palate and the appearance of different associated anomalies in the south of Iraq is due to the direct effect and impact of the wa