Background The effect of bracing over natural history of stable dysplastic hips is not well known. This multicenter randomized trial aimed at objectifying the effect of abduction treatment versus active surveillance in infants of 3 to 4 months of age. Methods Patients were randomized to either Pavlik harness or active surveillance group. Ultrasound was repeated at 6 and 12 weeks post randomization. The primary outcome was the degree of dysplasia using the Graf α-angle at 6 months of age. The measurement of the acetabular index (AI) on plain pelvis X-rays was used to identify persistent dysplasia after 9 months and walking age (after 18 months). Findings The Pavlik harness group (n = 55) and active surveillance group (n = 49) were comparable for predictors of outcome. At 12 weeks follow-up the mean α-angle was 60.5° ± 3.8° in the Pavlik harness group and 60.0° ± 5.6° in the active surveillance group. (p = 0.30). Analysis of secondary outcomes (standard of care) showed no treatment differences for acetabular index at age 10 months (p = 0.82) and walking age (p = 0.35). Interpretation Pavlik harness treatment of stable but sonographic dysplastic hips has no effect on acetabular development. Eighty percent of the patients will have a normal development of the hip after twelve weeks. Therefore, we recommend observation rather than treatment for stable dysplastic hips.Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed by 80-90% of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC). In addition to inhibiting EGFR signal transduction, cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR can also bind to fragment crystallisable domain of immunoglobulins G1 present on natural killer (NK), causing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, presence of cetuximab resistance limits effective clinical management of HNSCC. Methods In this study, differences in induction of ADCC were investigated in a panel of ten HNSCC cell lines. Tumour cells were co-cultured with NK cells and monitored using the xCELLigence RTCA. Results While ADCC was not influenced by HPV status, hypoxia and cetuximab resistance did affect ADCC differentially. Intrinsic cetuximab-resistant cell lines showed an increased ADCC induction, whereas exposure to hypoxia reduced ADCC. Baseline EGFR expression was not correlated with ADCC. In contrast, EGFR internalisation following cetuximab treatment was positively correlated with ADCC. Conclusion These findings support the possibility that resistance against cetuximab can be overcome by NK cell-based immune reactions. As such, it provides an incentive to combine cetuximab with immunotherapeutic approaches, thereby possibly enhancing the anti-tumoural immune responses and achieving greater clinical effectiveness of EGFR-targeting agents.This project aims to generate dense longitudinal data in lung cancer patients undergoing anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html  Mathematical modelling with mechanistic learning algorithms will help decipher the mechanisms underlying the response or resistance to immunotherapy. A better understanding of these mechanisms should help identifying actionable items to increase the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.Background Despite several plausible biological mechanisms linking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) with colorectal tumorigenesis, their association with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been adequately assessed in prospective epidemiological studies. Methods We evaluated the association of acid-suppressive medication use with CRC risk among 175,871 (PPI) and 208,831 (H2RA) participants from three large prospective cohort studies. Medication use was assessed at baseline and updated biennially. The association was evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results There was no significant association between baseline PPI use (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71-1.12) or PPI use after a lag of 8-10 years (HR = 1.12, 95% CI, 0.78-1.59) with CRC risk. We observed no significant association between H2RA use after a lag of 8-10 years and CRC risk (HR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.81-1.28), while risk was lower for participants with baseline H2RA use (HR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.60-0.95). Duration of PPI use or H2RA use was not associated with CRC risk (P-trend = 0.21 and 0.95, respectively). Conclusions Among participants from three large prospective cohorts, use of PPI or H2RA was not associated with higher risk of colorectal cancer.Pulmonary metastasectomy is widely and increasingly practiced in the belief that this intervention can cure patients with colorectal cancer, and that without it few survive 5 years. No good evidence exists supporting such convictions, indeed recent trial results challenge them. What evidence underpins this acceptance of illusory truths or misconceptions?Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging provides a resolution beyond the diffraction limit by analysing stochastic fluorescence fluctuations with higher-order statistics. Using nth order spatio-temporal cross-cumulants the spatial resolution and the sampling can be increased up to n-fold in all spatial dimensions. In this study, we extend the cumulant analysis into the spectral domain and propose a multicolor super-resolution scheme. The simultaneous acquisition of two spectral channels followed by spectral cross-cumulant analysis and unmixing increases the spectral sampling. The number of discriminable fluorophore species is thus not limited to the number of physical detection channels. Using two color channels, we demonstrate spectral unmixing of three fluorophore species in simulations and experiments in fixed and live cells. Based on an eigenvalue/vector analysis, we propose a scheme for an optimized spectral filter choice. Overall, our methodology provides a route for easy-to-implement multicolor sub-diffraction imaging using standard microscopes while conserving the spatial super-resolution property.Vincristine is a core chemotherapeutic drug administered to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Despite its efficacy in treating leukemia, it can lead to severe peripheral neuropathy in a subgroup of the patients. Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating and painful side-effect that can severely impact an individual's quality of life. Currently, there are no established predictors of peripheral neuropathy incidence during the early stage of chemotherapeutic treatment. As a result, patients who are not susceptible to peripheral neuropathy may receive sub-therapeutic treatment due to an empirical upper cap on the dose, while others may experience severe neuropathy at the same dose. Contrary to previous genomics based approaches, we employed a metabolomics approach to identify small sets of metabolites that can be used to predict a patient's susceptibility to peripheral neuropathy at different time points during the treatment. Using those identified metabolites, we developed a novel strategy to predict peripheral neuropathy and subsequently adjust the vincristine dose accordingly.