Porphyrin-based frameworks, as specific kinds of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely used in energy-related conversion processes, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and also in energy-related storage technologies such as rechargeable Zn-air batteries. This review starts by summarizing typical crystal structures, molecular building blocks, and common synthetic procedures of various porphyrin-based frameworks used in energy-related technologies. Then, a brief introduction is provided and representative applications of porphyrin-based frameworks in ORR, OER, Zn-air batteries, and CO2RR are discussed. The performance comparison of these porphyrin-based frameworks in each field is also summarized and discussed, which pinpoints a clear structure-activity relationship. In addition to utilizing highly active porphyrin units for catalytic conversions, regulating the porous structures of porphyrin-based frameworks will enhance mass transfer and growing porphyrin-based frameworks on conductive supports will accelerate electron transfer, which will result in the improvement of the electrocatalytic performance. This review is therefore valuable for the rational design of more efficient porphyrin-based framework catalytic systems in energy-related conversion and storage technologies.It is challenging to develop highly stable lanthanide luminescent sensors for detecting heavy metal ions and nitroaromatics in view of the human health and environmental security. To this end, two water stable Ln-MOFs with the chemical constitution of [Ln(HL)]·3DMF·3H2On (Ln = Eu, LZG-Eu and Ln = Tb, LZG-Tb) have been developed solvothermally using a multidentate ligand (H4L) with the central phenyl backbone bisubstituted by 2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid at the para-position, H4L = 1,4-bis(2',2'',6',6''-tetracarboxy-1,4'4,4''-pyridyl)benzene. Single crystal analysis demonstrates that two novel Ln-MOFs feature 4,4,4-connected nets with an unprecedented topology symbol of 42·6·83242·62·8242·84 and contain two kinds of one-dimensional channels. Powder X-ray diffraction as well as the luminescence determination results indicate that they retain their crystallinity and structural integrity in harsh acidic and basic conditions with pH in the range of 4-11. Moreover, they are highly luminescent, which makes them excellent chemical sensors for detecting Cu2+ and 4-NP (4-nitrophenol) with high selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous media such as deionized water, tap water, and river water based on distinct quenching effects. To the best of our knowledge, their detection limits are lower than those documented so far. In addition, the quenching efficiency of 4-NP was retained in the presence of interfering ions even after the compounds were used for five cycles, which makes them attractive, reliable, visual, and recyclable luminescent Ln-MOF sensor materials for 4-NP. The recognition mechanism for Cu2+ could be attributed to the dissociation of the main framework induced by Cu2+ and the subsequent formation of a Cu2+ coordination species and that for 4-NP is considered to be multi-quenching mechanisms dominated by competition absorption.A sandwich shelled hollow TiO2@Co3O4@Co3O4/C composite is synthesized by consecutive coating of Co3O4 nanosheets and TiO2 particles on Co3O4/C hollow spheres. The composite delivers an excellent lithium storage performance, maintaining 1081.78 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g-1 and 772.23 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g-1, due to its superior structure combining the advantages of each component with favorable electron-transfer, Li+-diffusion properties, and distinguished stability.Heme-copper oxidases (HCO), nitric oxide reductases (NOR), and sulfite reductases (SiR) catalyze the multi-electron and multi-proton reductions of O2, NO, and SO32-, respectively. Each of these reactions is important to drive cellular energy production through respiratory metabolism and HCO, NOR, and SiR evolved to contain heteronuclear active sites containing heme/copper, heme/nonheme iron, and heme-[4Fe-4S] centers, respectively. The complexity of the structures and reactions of these native enzymes, along with their large sizes and/or membrane associations, make it challenging to fully understand the crucial structural features responsible for the catalytic properties of these active sites. In this review, we summarize progress that has been made to better understand these heteronuclear metalloenzymes at the molecular level though study of the native enzymes along with insights gained from biomimetic models comprising either small molecules or proteins. Further understanding the reaction selectivity of these enzymes is discussed through comparisons of their similar heteronuclear active sites, and we offer outlook for further investigations.Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. Cigarette smoke is reported to contain over 4,000 chemical compounds. Therefore, it needs to study the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) administration on intracellular calcium concentration. In this study, we investigated how CSE influences intracellular calcium concentration in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.  https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html  The CSE concentrations used (0.4, 2, 3%) did not influence cell viability. However, at these CSE concentrations, calcium influx transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) proteins significantly increased, whereas calcium efflux sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX1) and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA1) proteins significantly decreased from those of the control cells. The 3% CSE treatment produced an intracellular calcium concentration higher than that of the control treatment through methods of co-transfection of pGP-CMV-GCaMP6f/CMV-R-GECO1.2 and Rhod-4 Assay. CSE induced concentration-dependent increments in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α protein levels. Moreover, phosphorylation of ERK and Akt was induced by CSE treatment. Also, mitochondrial marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein level decreased and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein level increased following CSE treatment. Also, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers BiP, CHOP, p-SAPK, and p-eIF2α levels were increased by CSE treatment. These results suggest that CSE may increase the concentration of intracellular calcium, thus increasing mitochondrial and ER stress.