One of the significant features of the recent lockdown caused by the coronavirus 2019 coronavirus pandemic was the lengthy period of uncertainty that accompanied it. The present study examined a moderated model that links conditions of uncertainty with psychological distress during the coronavirus 2019 lockdown.
 
  Married parents in Israel (N = 186), all of whom were working at home during the lockdown, completed several measures, including those assessing intolerance of uncertainty (IU), psychological distress, dispositional optimism, and work arrangements at home.
 
  Data analysis supported the association between IU and psychological distress. Two additional measures, optimism and work schedule, were found to act as moderators. Whereas optimism buffered IU's negative ramifications, the inability to schedule proper work arrangements at home during the lockdown comprised a risk factor for IU and psychological distress.
 
  Findings suggest that IU is associated with psychological distress. Theoretical and practical ramifications of the study findings are presented.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/auranofin.html  (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
 Findings suggest that IU is associated with psychological distress. Theoretical and practical ramifications of the study findings are presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
  The World Assumptions Questionnaire (WAQ) was developed to assess optimism and assumptions about the world, which often shift after traumatic events. However, no known study has investigated whether the WAQ holds similar meaning across demographic groups. The objective of this study was to investigate measurement invariance of the WAQ across race/ethnic group, sex, and sexual orientation.
 
  Participants consisted of 1,181 college students (75% female; 25% Black, 13% Latinx, 18% Asian, 45% White; 90% heterosexual) who completed an online survey on stress, personality, substance use, and mental health. We investigated a unidimensional and the 4-factor structure of the WAQ using confirmatory factor analysis, and configural, metric, and scalar invariance using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis.
 
  After dropping 3 items, a 4-factor structure fit the data well (comparative fit index = .92; root mean square error of approximation =.05; 95% confidence interval [.045, .054]; standardized root mean square residexual orientation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Traumatic events and ensuing stress are not widely studied in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) despite their increased vulnerability to both. Far less is known about traumatic events and posttrauma reactions in people with SMI in low-resourced settings.
  To address this gap in knowledge, our study focused on trauma and its effects for individuals with SMI and their caregivers in rural Ethiopia. Study aims were to identify events that were considered traumatic by stakeholders; characterize the mental health effects of such events; and discern events and posttrauma symptoms most relevant for SMI.
 
  Qualitative interviews were gathered from 48 participants in Ethiopia who included individuals with SMI, their caregivers, health care providers, and community and religious leaders.
 
  Based on a combined emic and etic approach, major traumatic events included those commonly experienced in rural Ethiopia (e.g., lost property, forced marriage) and endorsed by individuals with SMI (e.g., restraining or chaining, SMI illness in a low-resourced setting). In addition, traumatic events were identified consistent with Western medical criteria (e.g., physical assault, sexual assault). Posttrauma symptoms that were commonly reported included emotions like anger and sadness; thinking too much; crying; and somatic (e.g., burning sensation) and physiological (e.g., shortness of breath) symptoms. As for symptoms consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, we found the presence of all four symptom clusters.
 
  Overall, results point to the common occurrence of traumatic events and trauma-linked symptoms for individuals with SMI and their caregivers, including as a result of SMI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
 Overall, results point to the common occurrence of traumatic events and trauma-linked symptoms for individuals with SMI and their caregivers, including as a result of SMI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
  U.S. Air Force (USAF) intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) personnel continuously view high-resolution, real-time imagery and video feeds that include intermittent exposure to graphic events. This brief report examined whether cumulative exposure (still imagery, video, and audio) to graphic events was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among USAF ISR personnel. We also examined whether morally injurious experiences (MIEs)-as well as three MIE subtypes (a) personal moral transgressions, (b) transgressions by others, and (c) feelings of betrayal by others-moderated the association between ISR work-related traumatic exposure and PTSD symptoms.
 
  Participants were 277 USAF ISR personnel assigned to intelligence units.
 
  We found two significant moderation effects. First, we found that the association between ISR remote graphic media exposure and PTSD symptoms was strongest for participants with higher levels of MIE exposure. Second, we found that the ISR remote graphicion with recognition that (a) remote combat exposure can be traumatic and (b) perceived violations of moral beliefs or values may be central to any posttraumatic psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to significantly impair quality of life (QOL), although no meta-analysis has evaluated the effect of psychotherapies for PTSD on QOL in the civilian population. The current meta-analysis aimed to assess these effects in the adult civilian population. Method An exhaustive search of 13 databases revealed 9 studies of moderate to strong methodological quality evaluating mainly cognitive-behavioral therapy (8 of 9 studies). A total of 421 participants were allocated to a psychotherapy condition, 174 to a waitlist control group, and 203 were allocated to an active control group. Waitlist and active-controlled random effects of psychotherapies on QOL were computed. Risk of bias was assessed using multiple indices. Results Pre-post treatment pooled effect sizes were small to moderate for QOL (active-controlled Hedges' g = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI;0.14, 0.59]; waitlist-controlled g = 0.63, CI [0.44, 0.83]) and were both large (waitlist-controlled g = -1.