Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is a key indicator of physiological decline with age; but age-related declines in a nationally representative older U.S. population have not been previously examined.
 
  We examined the trajectory of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) over 8 years of aging, from 2006/2008 to 2014/2016, among 3,528 people over age 50 in the Health and Retirement Study. We used growth curve models to examine change in total CMR as well as in individual cardiometabolic biomarkers to understand how baseline differences and rates of change vary across sociodemographic characteristics, by smoking status, and medication use.
 
  Total CMR did not change among respondents who survived over 8 years. Despite significant differences in CMR across demographic and education groups at baseline, the pace of change with age did not differ by these characteristics. Among individual biomarkers, risk levels of diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and total cholesterol decreased over 8 years while glycosylated hemoglobin, waist circumference, and pulse pressure increased over that time. Both the statistical significance levels and the magnitudes of the reduction over time with age in diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and total cholesterol in models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, gender, smoking, and education were reduced after controlling for blood pressure and cholesterol medication.
 
  The relatively constant total CMR level over 8 years occurred because some indicators improved with age while some deteriorated in this period. Medication use contributed to the improvement in blood pressure, resting heart rate, and total cholesterol.
 The relatively constant total CMR level over 8 years occurred because some indicators improved with age while some deteriorated in this period. Medication use contributed to the improvement in blood pressure, resting heart rate, and total cholesterol.
  The detection of spatiotemporal clusters of deaths by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential for health systems and services, as it contributes to the allocation of resources and helps in effective decision making aimed at disease control and surveillance. Thus we aim to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution and describe sociodemographic and clinical and operational characteristics of COVID-19-related deaths in a Brazilian state.
 
  A descriptive and ecological study was carried out in the state of Maranhão. The study population consisted of deaths by COVID-19 in the period from 29 March to 31 July 2020. The detection of spatiotemporal clusters was performed by spatiotemporal scan analysis.
 
  A total of 3001 deaths were analysed with an average age of 69y, predominantly in males, of brown ethnicity, with arterial hypertension and diabetes, diagnosed mainly by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in public laboratories. The crude mortality rates the municipalities ranged from 0.00 to 102.24 deaths per 100000 inhabitants and three spatiotemporal clusters of high relative risk were detected, with a mortality rate ranging from 20.25 to 91.49 deaths per 100000 inhabitants per month. The headquarters was the metropolitan region of São Luís and municipalities with better socio-economic and health development.
 
  The heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution and the sociodemographic and clinical and operational characteristics of deaths by COVID-19 point to the need for interventions.
 The heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution and the sociodemographic and clinical and operational characteristics of deaths by COVID-19 point to the need for interventions.Persons with isolated antibody to HBV core antigen (IAHBc) may have occult HBV infection (OBI), which is associated with reactivation and potential risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and HBV transmission. We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to estimate US IAHBc prevalence and published studies of IAHBc-associated OBI prevalence to estimate OBI burden. During 2001-2018, IAHBc prevalence was 0.8% (approximately 2.1 million persons); OBI burden range was 35,500-83,600 persons. These data support the need for more robust estimates of IAHBc-associated OBI prevalence in the general US population.
  Sleep problems and problematic internet use have important implications for adolescent health; however, there have been no large-scale surveys using comprehensive measures. We examined the association between internet use duration and sleep problems among Japanese adolescents.
 
  We used data from the Lifestyle Survey of Adolescents collected in 2012, 2014, and 2017. We calculated the change in sleep status (insomnia, sleep duration, bedtime, and sleep quality) and internet usage (screen time and services such as internet surfing, social media use, streaming such as YouTube, and online gaming).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Irinotecan-Hcl-Trihydrate-Campto.html  A binary logistic model was estimated for insomnia. Generalized ordered logit models were employed for the ordinal outcomes (sleep duration, bedtime, sleep quality, and multidimensional sleep health). Sampling weights were constructed based on participation rate on survey years and selection rates from population statistics.
 
  We analyzed data from 248,983 adolescents. Sleep status was unchanged; however, many adolescents used more internet services and for longer durations. The odds ratio of internet screen time for all sleep problems (insomnia, shorter sleep duration, later bedtime, and worse sleep quality) gradually declined. Longer internet screen time (> 5 hours) was strongly associated with all sleep problems. Internet services were also associated with sleep problems; particularly, social media use and online gaming were linked to later bedtimes.
 
  Despite the decreased strength in the association between internet usage and sleep problems, longer internet time was strongly associated with sleep problems. Public health interventions should consider internet use as an intervention target to improve adolescents' health.
 Despite the decreased strength in the association between internet usage and sleep problems, longer internet time was strongly associated with sleep problems. Public health interventions should consider internet use as an intervention target to improve adolescents' health.