https://www.selleckchem.com/products/diabzi-sting-agonist-compound-3.html 3/41 [7%], RR 0.36, 95% CI of RR 0.04-3.31, p = .63) or flap-related complications (12/38 [32%] vs. 18/41 [44%], RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.40-1.29, p = .36) Soft tissue flaps had surgical complication rates of 12/30 (40%) and 9/27 (33%) for traditional and pressor-based protocols, respectively. Bony flaps had surgical complication rates of 6/11 (55%), and 3/11 (27%) for traditional and pressor-based protocols, respectively. Intraoperative goal-directed vasopressor administration during head and neck free flap reconstruction does not appear to increase the rate of flap complications or failures. Intraoperative goal-directed vasopressor administration during head and neck free flap reconstruction does not appear to increase the rate of flap complications or failures. The illicit manufacture of methamphetamine in clandestine laboratories is associated with significant risks to the community and environment. Currently little is known about clandestine laboratories or the individual 'cooks' who operate them; current research directly engaging with cooks is limited to three qualitative studies with small samples (n < 24) of cooks based in the USA. This descriptive brief report starts to address this knowledge gap by exploring characteristics of an international sample of self-identified methamphetamine cooks. Using data from the 2017 and 2018 Global Drug Surveys, we identified 125 individuals from 24 countries who reported past manufacture of methamphetamine. We explored respondents' socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of methamphetamine production using descriptive statistics. The majority of methamphetamine cooks were male (82%) and Caucasian (70%) and, contrary to previous studies, 43% were employed and 51% had at least a high school certificate. Cooks most commonly sourced precursors from pharmacies (50%), followed by friends (24%). Almost half of the cooks (47%) produced methamphetamine excl