https://www.selleckchem.com/products/r-gne-140.html lineata. The ratios of Types A∶B∶C involved in prey killing and ingestion were 1∶2.5∶5 and 1∶2∶3, respectively. These findings support the CSCC hypothesis. They also indicate that Type Cs predominate in killing small, hard-surfaced, motile, crustaceous prey. Chemoreceptor-bearing Type Bs and Type As assist in prey killing and assume somewhat greater roles in ingestion. Thus, CSCC types differ with respect to their afferent sensory roles as well as their subsequent efferent roles in killing and ingestion. We conclude that CSCC types perform overlapping and complementary roles during feeding.AbstractWhile so-called brown bodies were first defined in the 1950s as colorful aggregates of cells in the general cavity of echinoderms and other marine benthic taxa, their distribution and role have not yet been fully clarified. This work characterized free coelomocytes and corresponding aggregates ("bodies") in the hydrovascular system and perivisceral coelom, as well as those attached on the membranes of the viscera, in the holothuroid Cucumaria frondosa. Responses to the presence of foreign particles were investigated, providing novel insights on the immune system. A total of eight coelomocyte cell types was detected, while aggregates were formed of three to six types of coelomocytes. Only red-colored aggregates were found in the hydrovascular system, whereas brown aggregates were confined to the perivisceral coelom. The encapsulation mechanism of foreign particles injected in the hydrovascular system was monitored. Particles were first gathered by phagocytes and vibratile, crystal, and morula cells into a whitish aggregate that was then covered by hemocytes, imparting a red color to the aggregates. After their transfer to the perivisceral coelom, aggregates became brown and were ultimately expelled through the anus. Finally, a range of stressors (i.e., harvesting method, presence of a predator, and physical injury) was fou