https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pterostilbene.html Aims Paternal age is increasing in developed countries. Understanding of aging-related epigenetic changes in sperm is needed as well as factors that modify such changes. Materials & methods Young pubertal and mature rats were exposed perinatally to vehicle or environmental xenobiotic 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. Epididymal sperm was reduced representation bisulfite sequenced. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified via MethPipe. Results In control animals, 5319 age-dependent DMRs were identified. Age-related DMRs were enriched for embryonic development. In exposed rats, DNA methylation was higher in young and lower in mature animals then in controls. Conclusions Sperm methylome undergoes significant age-dependent changes, which may represent a causal link between paternal age and offspring phenotype. Environmental xenobiotics can interfere with the natural process of epigenetic aging.Tranexamic acid (TXA) has become a commonly used perioperative intervention in total joint arthroplasty, shoulder and knee arthroscopy, and spinal procedures in order to minimize blood loss, hematoma formation, hemarthrosis, and wound healing complications. There is a potential role for TXA use in foot and ankle procedures, with limited studies suggesting a potential benefit in minimizing postoperative wound complications and blood loss without an increased risk of thromboembolic events. In light of the profound clinical and financial impact of TXA use in other orthopaedic subspecialties and the early successes in foot and ankle surgery, we aim to provide more information about TXA and its use in foot and ankle surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to perform a comprehensive literature review on the topic of TXA use in foot and ankle procedures in order to describe the pertinent available literature on the use of TXA in orthopaedic surgery and its implications specifically in foot and ankle surge