Background Maternal dietary restriction and supplementation of one-carbon (1C) metabolites can impact offspring growth and DNA methylation. However, longitudinal research of 1C metabolite and amino acid (AA) concentrations over the reproductive cycle of human pregnancy is limited. Objective To investigate longitudinal 1C metabolite and AA concentrations prior to and during pregnancy and the effects of a small-quantity lipid-based nutrition supplement (LNS) containing >20 micronutrients and prepregnancy BMI (ppBMI). Methods This study was an ancillary study of the Women First Trial (NCT01883193, clinicaltrials.gov) focused on a subset of Guatemalan women (n = 134), 49% of whom entered pregnancy with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Ninety-five women received LNS during pregnancy (+LNS group), while the remainder did not (-LNS group). A subset of women from the Pakistan study site (n = 179) were used as a replication cohort, 124 of whom received LNS. Maternal blood was longitudinally collected on dried blood spot (DBS) cards ah infant outcomes, including DNA methylation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01883193. Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.Because of flexibility, compactness, weavability, and ergonomic design, yarn-shaped lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have enormous potential applications in wearable electronics. Still, the yarn-shaped LIB with the ability to meet commercialization requirements has never been reported, owing to the current challenge in complex material synthesis technologies, expensive raw material costs, poor safety performance, and nonstandard manufacturing equipment. Herein, we propose a yarn-shaped LIB that meets the aforementioned requirements. With a highly conductive and flexible stainless-steel yarn acting as the current collector, the electrode active materials and the gel electrolyte, which are commercially available at low cost, are uniformly coated onto the stainless-steel yarn by a simple and facile dipping-drying method.  https://www.selleckchem.com/mTOR.html  Even at different deformation conditions (i.e., bending or knotting), the specific capacity of the yarn-shaped LIB (7 cm long, 85%. After charged treatment, it can successfully power up an electronic watch and an electronic thermo-hygrometer. Thanks to the simple preparation process, low cost of raw materials, and good safety performance, this work can promote the commercialization of wearable energy storage devices. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of three new aromatic polyketones with repeating units based on 2,2'-(2,5-dihexyl-1,4-phenylene) dithiophene (PTK), 2,2'-(9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)dithiophene (PFTK), and 4,7-bis(3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PBTK). These polymers were obtained with a one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling-promoted homopolymerization to afford high-quality, defect-free polymers. Experimental and theoretical studies were applied to investigate their optical and electrical properties. The cross-conjugated nature of aromatic polyketones imparts excellent thermal stability. Exposure to acid converts the cross-conjugation to linear-conjugation, enabling the dynamic tuning of optoelectronic properties. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.Selegiline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B, is prescribed during the early stages of Parkinson's disease. The nutritional herbal medicine Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been reported to show potential neuroprotective activity; however, the herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction between selegiline and P. ginseng extract has not been characterized. Our hypothesis is that the ginseng extract and selegiline produce pharmacokinetic interactions at certain doses. To investigate this hypothesis, a validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to monitor selegiline in rat plasma. Experimental rats were divided into groups treated with selegiline alone (10 mg/kg, i.v.; 30 mg/kg, p.o.), with the low-dose ginseng extract (1 g/kg, p.o., for 5 consecutive days) or with the high-dose ginseng extract (3 g/kg, p.o., for 5 consecutive days). The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the oral bioavailability of selegiline alone was approximately 18%; however, when rats were pretreated with low and high doses of the ginseng extract, the bioavailability of selegiline was 7.2 and 29%, respectively. These results suggested that the ginseng extract may produce a biphasic pharmacokinetic phenomenon. In summary, ginseng alters the oral bioavailability of selegiline, and these observations might provide preclinical information concerning the pharmacokinetic interactions between selegiline and herbal supplements. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.Two-dimensional paper networks (2DPNs) have enabled the use of paper-based platforms to perform multistep immunoassays for detection of pathogenic diseases at the point-of-care. To date, however, detection has required the user to provide multiple signal enhancement solutions and been limited to protein targets. We solve these challenges by using mathematical equations to guide the device design of a novel 2DPN, which leverages multiple fluidic inputs to apply fully dried solutions of hydrogen peroxide, diaminobenzidine, and horseradish peroxidase signal enhancement reagents to enhance the limit-of-detection of numerous nucleic acid products. Upon rehydration in our unique 2DPN design, the dried signal enhancement solution reduces the limit-of-detection (LOD) of the device to 5 × 1011 nucleic acid copies/mL without increasing false positive detection. Our easy-to-use device retains activity after 28 days of dry storage and produces reliable signal enhancement 40 min after sample application. The fully integrated device demonstrated versatility in its ability to detect double-stranded and single-stranded DNA samples, as well as peptide nucleic acids. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.The reaction of molybdenum(II) and chromium(II) acetates with squaric acid in degassed and deionized water under hydrothermal conditions at 150 °C is described. The products have been formulated as M2(μ-OH)2(μ-C4O4)2(H2O)4·2H2O, where M = Cr (1) and Mo (2), based on combustion elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The edge-shared bioctahedral structures involve doubly bridging hydroxide ligands and μ-squarate ligands. The chromium compound lacks a direct metal-metal-bonding interaction, while in contrast the molybdenum compound contains a Mo-Mo bond [2.491(2) Å]. The nature of the Mo-Mo-bonding interaction is compared with that of other similar d3-d3 dimers. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.