Owing to lower basal MerTK, subsequent exposure to ACs resulted in lower MerTK-Erk (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) 1/2-dependent IL-10 production. Putrescine treatment of ODC-deficient macrophages restored the expression of both MerTK and AC-induced IL-10. These findings demonstrate that ODC-dependent putrescine synthesis in macrophages maintains a basal level of MerTK expression needed to optimally resolve inflammation upon subsequent AC exposure. Graphic Abstract A graphic abstract is available for this article. These findings demonstrate that ODC-dependent putrescine synthesis in macrophages maintains a basal level of MerTK expression needed to optimally resolve inflammation upon subsequent AC exposure. Graphic Abstract A graphic abstract is available for this article. Noncoding RNAs are emerging as important players in gene regulation and cardiovascular diseases. Their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the role played by a previously uncharacterized long noncoding RNA, RP11-728F11.4, in the development of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which it acts. Approach and Results Expression microarray analysis revealed that atherosclerotic plaques had increased expression of RP11-728F11.4 as well as the cognate gene (FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6), which encodes a modulator of Na /K -ATPase. In vitro experiments showed that RP11-728F11.4 interacted with the RNA-binding protein EWSR1 (Ewings sarcoma RNA binding protein-1) and upregulated expression. Lentivirus-induced overexpression of RP11-728F11.4 in cultured monocytes-derived macrophages resulted in higher Na /K -ATPase activity, intracellular cholesterol accumulation, and increased proinflammatory cytokine production. The effects of RP11-728F11.4 were enhanced by siRNA-mediated knockdown of EWSR1 and reduced by downregulation of FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6. In vivo experiments in apoE knockout mice fed a Western diet demonstrated that RP11-728F11.4 increased proinflammatory cytokine production and augmented atherosclerotic lesions. RP11-728F11.4 promotes atherosclerosis, with an influence on cholesterol homeostasis and proinflammatory molecule production, thus representing a potential therapeutic target. Graphic Abstract A graphic abstract is available for this article. RP11-728F11.4 promotes atherosclerosis, with an influence on cholesterol homeostasis and proinflammatory molecule production, thus representing a potential therapeutic target. Graphic Abstract A graphic abstract is available for this article.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent one of the first lines of plants' biochemical defense against pathogens. Plants' respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) produce ROS as by-products in several cellular compartments. In potato tubers, Solanum tuberosum respiratory burst oxidase homolog (StRBOHs) are involved in suberization and healing of wounded tissues. StRbohA has been tested in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which led to enhanced plant defense against the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Here, we showed that overexpressing StRbohA in potato plants enhancesd plant tolerance to the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease. Transgenic potato plants expressing StRbohA showed reduced disease symptoms (necrosis) compared to the wild type check. The In parallel, the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs), RBOHs, antioxidation-related genes CPRX1, PRX2, APRX1, CAT1, and CAT2, and genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways of jasmonic and salicylic acids (ICS, PAL1, PAL2, LOX1, LOX2, and LOX3) exhibited significant increases in the transgenic plants in response to infection. Following higher expression of RBOHs, ROS accumulated more in inoculation sites of the transgenic plants. ROS act as signals that activate gene expression in the SA biosynthesis pathway, leading to the accumulation of SA and triggering SA-based defense mechanisms. SA-responsive pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) showed higher expression in the transgenic plants, which resulted in the restriction of pathogen growth in plant tissues. https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html These results represent a demonstration of the effective role of StRbohA in enhancing potato defense against P. infestans. To describe physical activity habits, sedentary behavior, and cardiorespiratory fitness levels among alcohol abstainers, hazardous and non-hazardous drinkers. Cross-sectional study with data collected between 2017-19. Sweden. Adults aged 18-65 years (n = 47,559; 59.4% male). During a routine health assessment, participants answered validated single-item questions regarding habitual physical activity, structured exercise, and the percentage of time spent sedentary during leisure-time (past 30 days), and completed a 6-minute cycle ergometer test (V02max) to determine cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Participants were categorized as alcohol abstainers, non-hazardous drinkers or hazardous drinkers (low/high) based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) cut-points for men and women. Logistic regression models stratified by sex and age. Compared to non-hazardous drinkers, the heaviest drinkers were less physically active (males OR = 1.38, CI = 1.13-1.67, p = .001; females OR = 1.41, CI = 1.01-1.97, p = .040) and more sedentary during leisure time (males OR = 1.94, CI = 1.62-2.32, p = .000; females OR = 1.62, CI = 1.21-2.16, p = .001). Apart from young females, the heaviest drinkers also did less structured exercise than non-hazardous drinkers (males OR = 1.22, CI = 1.15-1.51, p = .000; females OR = 1.43, CI = 1.15-1.78, p = .001). The strongest associations were seen among adults aged 40-65 years (shown here). High-hazardous drinking was associated with low CRF among older males only (OR = 1.19, CI = 1.00-1.41). Middle-aged adults with AUDIT-C scores of ≥6 (women) and ≥7 (men) were less physically active and more sedentary during leisure time and may be appropriate targets for physical activity interventions. Middle-aged adults with AUDIT-C scores of ≥6 (women) and ≥7 (men) were less physically active and more sedentary during leisure time and may be appropriate targets for physical activity interventions.