one day; p=0.0001). Since introducing the enhanced care pathway in 2011, 344 (93%) patients were discharged day 1 following surgery. There were no differences in post-discharge presentations to the emergency department (5.7% vs. 9%; p= 0.15) or 30-day readmission rates (3.8% vs. 3.8%; p=1.00).
 
  A single-night stay for open RP is safe and achievable for most patients. A dedicated, multifaceted pathway is required to attain targets for a safe and timely discharge.
 A single-night stay for open RP is safe and achievable for most patients. A dedicated, multifaceted pathway is required to attain targets for a safe and timely discharge.
  Crowdfunding is becoming an increasingly used resource for patients to cover costs related to medical care. These costs can be related directly to treatments or indirectly to loss of income or travel-related costs. Little is known as to the extent of which crowdfunding is used for urological disease here in Canada. This study offers a first look at the prevalence of crowdfunding for urological disease and the factors surrounding its use.
 
  In January 2020, we queried the GoFundMe internal search engine for fundraising campaigns regarding urological ailments. Results were categorized according to the major organs of urological disease.
 
  Crowdfunding campaigns are very prevalent within several areas of urology. Prostate cancer and chronic kidney disease represent the most frequent reason for campaigns. Fundraising goals and actual funds raised for malignant disease were significantly more than for benign disease. Interestingly, there was a significant portion of crowdfunding campaigns to cover costs for non-conventional treatments and transplant tourism.
 
  Crowdfunding use to help cover direct and indirect costs of medical care is becoming increasingly apparent through several facets of medicine. This study shows that this statement holds true when looking at patients with urological disease in Canada. As urologists, we need to be aware of this trend, as it highlights the often-unforeseen financial burdens experienced by our patients.
 Crowdfunding use to help cover direct and indirect costs of medical care is becoming increasingly apparent through several facets of medicine. This study shows that this statement holds true when looking at patients with urological disease in Canada. As urologists, we need to be aware of this trend, as it highlights the often-unforeseen financial burdens experienced by our patients.
  Fasting is a common cultural practice worldwide for both religious and dietary reasons. However, there is concern that fasting may be a risk factor for the development of renal stones. To date, there has not been a systematic assessment of the literature regarding the association between renal stones and fasting.
 
  We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of three databases Medline-OVID, EMBASE, and CINAHL. All screening and extraction was completed in parallel with two independent reviewers.
 
  Of the 1501 database citations, a total of 10 observational studies with a total of 9906 participants were included. Nine of the studies were conducted in the context of Islamic fasting during Ramadan, with the majority (7/9) finding that renal colic incidence was unaffected by the month of fasting. In contrast, two studies noted an increased incidence among fasting populations. Two other studies noted that urine metabolites and density were altered with fasting but did not translate into clinical outcomes.
 
  Based on the available evidence, it is unlikely that fasting significantly increases the risk of renal stones. Physicians should counsel higher-risk patients on safe fasting practices.
 Based on the available evidence, it is unlikely that fasting significantly increases the risk of renal stones. Physicians should counsel higher-risk patients on safe fasting practices.
  Failed access ureteroscopy (FA) describes the inability to gain adequate access to a stone to allow for treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of, and factors predicting FA in patients presenting with renal and ureteral stones.
 
  We performed a retrospective review of all ureteroscopy procedures performed for renal and ureteral stones by three endourologists over a six-month period at our center.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cpi-0610.html  All patients who underwent ureteroscopy (URS) for the purpose of stone treatment were included. Patients were excluded if they underwent URS for non-stone diagnosis or treatment. FA was investigated in relation to demographics, medical history, stone-specific characteristics, procedure-specific characteristics, etc. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, as well as chi-squared and t-test analysis using SPSS statistical software version 24.0.
 
  A total of 188 cases were reviewed, with 8% of patients experiencing FA. Patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American kely to result in FA ureteroscopy, and FA procedures were more likely to be preceded by extended time from first diagnosis to URS. Further investigation is necessary, and all endourology centers should track their own personal outcome data to allow for more meaningful analysis to be performed to improve patient outcomes.
  For the management of localized prostate cancer, patient treatment choice is poorly documented among people living in remote areas where access to certain treatments offered in large centres involves travelling several hundred kilometres. This study aimed to describe and identify the determinants of treatment decision-making in men with localized prostate cancer living in remote areas.
 
  In this cross-sectional study, patients with prostate cancer were recruited from Rouyn-Noranda's urology clinic (Quebec, Canada) between 2017 and 2019.
 
  A total of 127 men (mean age 68.34±7.23 years) constituted the study sample. Radiotherapy, a treatment not available locally, was chosen most frequently (67.7%), followed by options available locally, such as surgery (22.8%) and active surveillance (9.4%). Most patients preferred to play an active role in this choice (53.5%) and agreed with the statement, "I chose that treatment because it gives the best chance for a cure" (86.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that cancer stage (odds ratio [OR] 10.