In patients with carotid bifurcation stenosis co-existing with ipsilateral intracranial artery stenosis, combined treatment with carotid artery stenting (CAS)/carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and extracranial-to- intracranial (EC-IC) bypass can be a useful option to prevent future ischemic stroke events. EC-IC bypass requires a sufficient antegrade flow in the ipsilateral external carotid artery. However, standard CAS/CEA occasionally lead to external carotid artery occlusion. Herein, we present a case of successful one-stage endovascular revascularization of both the antegrade internal and external carotid artery flow using the carotid T-stent technique for carotid bifurcation stenosis co-existing with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis.Chronic stress and high levels of glucocorticoids produce functional and structural changes in brain and especially in the hippocampus, an important limbic system structure that plays a key role in cognitive functions including learning and memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time. Indeed, cognitive dysfunction, neuronal atrophy, and synaptic loss are associated with both AD and chronic stress. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted a possible link between chronic stress, cognitive decline and the development of AD. It is suggested that Tau protein is an essential mediator of the neurodegenerative effects of stress and glucocorticoids towards the development of AD pathology. Recent findings from animal and humans studies demonstrated that saffron and its main constitutive crocin are effective against chronic stress-induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress and slowed cognitive decline in AD. The inhibitory actions on acetylcholinesterase activity, aggregation of beta-amyloid protein into amyloid plaques and tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles, and also the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and the promotion of synaptic plasticity effects are among the possible mechanisms to explain the neuroprotective effects of saffron. New evidences demonstrate that saffron and its main component crocin might be a promising target for cognition improvement in AD and stress-related disorders.Shengmai Formula (SMF) is one of the traditional Chinese medicine representative formulas and is widely used for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease. Previous studies demonstrated that the major effective ingredients in SMF can interact with each other based on some uptake transporters. However, the role of the efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in these interactions involving SMF remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions of the major active components of SMF with BCRP and the compatibility mechanism of these complex components in SMF based on BCRP. We selected 4 main fractions, including ginseng total saponins (GTS), ophiopogon total saponins (OTS), ophiopogon total flavonoids (OTF), and fructus schisandrae total lignans (STL), and 12 bioactive components, including ginsenosides Re, Rd, Rb1, and Rg1, ophiopogonins D and D', methylophiopogonanones A and B, schizandrins A and B, and schizandrols A and B to explore the interactions oflophiopogonanone B, and schizandrin A are potential substrates of BCRP, and their transport, which is mediated by BCRP, may be inhibited by potential inhibitors in SMF. There are potential interactions of these main effective components of SMF at the cellular and vesicular levels that are mediated by BCRP. The interplay of these bioactive components based on BCRP may be an important compatibility mechanism in SMF.Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with intractable epilepsy. However, the pathogenesis of SUDEP seems to be poorly understood. Our previous findings showed that the incidence of seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA) was markedly reduced by atomoxetine in a murine SUDEP model. Because the central norepinephrine α-1 receptor (NEα-1R) plays a vital role in regulating respiratory function, we hypothesized that the suppression of S-IRA by atomoxetine was mediated by NE/NEα-1R interactions that can be reversed by NEα-1R antagonism. We examined whether atomoxetine-mediated suppression of S-IRA evoked by either acoustic stimulation or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in DBA/1 mice can be reversed by intraperitoneal (IP) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of prazosin, a selective antagonist of NEα-1R. The content and activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme for NE synthesis, in the lower brainstem was measured by ELISA.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/baxdrostat.html  Electroencephalograms (EEG) were obtained from using the PTZ-evoked SUDEP model. In our models, atomoxetine-mediated suppression of S-IRA evoked by either acoustic stimulation or PTZ was significantly reversed by low doses of IP and ICV prazosin. Neither repetitive acoustic stimulation nor S-IRA reduced TH levels in lower brainstem. However, the enzyme activity of TH levels in lower brainstem was significantly increased by mechanical ventilation with DBA/1 mice, which makes the dying DBA/1 mice suffering from S-IRA and SUDEP recover. EEG data showed that although the protective effect of atomoxetine was reversed by prazosin, neither drug suppressed EEG activity. These data suggest that deficient synthesis of NE and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission contributed to S-IRA and that the NEα-1R is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of SUDEP.
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form a special class of RNAs regulating endometrial functions like cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and blastocyst implantation. In addition to providing suitable conditions for embryo development, angiogenesis is a prerequisite to natural pregnancy. The family of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are the main physiological and pathological angiogenesis regulators in the endometrium. In the past, research has demonstrated alteration of angiogenesis and subsequent endometrial receptivity in the stimulated and luteal phase support cycles, when compared with natural cycles.
 
  The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ovarian stimulation and exogenous progesterone on the density of CD31-positive cell (Endothelial cell), VEGF protein, and miR-17-5p expression in the mouse endometrium immediately before implantation.
 
  We employed ovarian stimulated and luteal phase support mice models induced by HMG/HCG and progesterone. The endometrial CD31-positive cell density was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, the level of VEGF protein by IHC and western blot analysis, and finally the miR-17-5p expression was determined by the real-time PCR method.