001), with a general pattern found whereby the two CG samples had higher difficulty and lower prosocial scores than all three NHIS samples, with corresponding effect sizes falling in the moderate to very large range. Tests of between subjects effects for child gender showed, that regardless of sample type, males typically had higher difficulty scores and lower prosocial scores than those for females. Tests of between subjects effects by informant's race showed only sporadic differences that were independent of sample type. Comparisons of the SDQ banded scores suggested that CG have considerably different cutoff points than do children in other family structures to indicate a likely diagnosis of a serious psychological disorder. We conclude that primary school aged CG are at an especially high risk for both internalizing and externalizing difficulties regardless of children's gender or informant's race.Nearly half of U.S. children age 0-17 have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), accounting for over 34 million of children nationwide. Parenting stress (negative feelings related to the demands of parenting) is a primary risk factor for child maltreatment and neglect; yet has been an overlooked factor for ACEs. Understanding the degree of parenting stress and its subsequent associations with ACEs will facilitate future designations of relevant interventions to keep children safe. We analyzed 2016 data from the National Survey of Children's Health to examine whether increased levels of parenting stress are associated with higher counts of ACEs among children. About 4.4% of caregivers reported "high parenting stress" and children living with them were three times more likely (OR 3.05; 95% CI 2.23-4.15) to experience four or more ACEs by the age of 18. Lowering parenting stress through parenting interventions could decrease the level of childhood trauma experienced by a child or may lessen one type of stress in a home where many other stressors exist.A persistent concern about the social consequences of climate change is that large, vulnerable populations will be involuntarily displaced. Existing evidence suggests that changes in precipitation and temperature can increase migration in particular contexts, but the potential for this relationship to evolve over time alongside processes of adaptation and development has not been widely explored. To address this issue, we link longitudinal data from 20 thousand Chinese adults from 1989-2011 to external data on climate anomalies, and use this linked dataset to explore how climatic effects on internal migration have changed over time while controlling for potential spatial and temporal confounders. We find that temperature anomalies initially displaced permanent migrants at the beginning of our study period, but that this effect had reversed by the end of the study period. A parallel analysis of income shares suggests that the explanation might lie in climate vulnerability shifting from agricultural to non-agricultural livelihood activities.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/1-azakenpaullone.html  Taken together with evidence from previous case studies, our results open the door to a potential future in which development and in-situ adaptation allow climate-induced migration to decline over time, even as climate change unfolds.Acculturation is bidirectional and includes not only the process of Hispanics adaptation to US culture(s) but also the process of US cultural adaptations to Hispanics. However, few studies of Hispanic adolescent adaptation have examined the ways in which US society accommodates or fails to accommodate its Hispanic immigrant populations. Our study addresses this gap by examining the ways in which non-Hispanic students, parents, and teachers in an emerging Hispanic community have acculturated to the Hispanic adolescents in their community. This study utilizes focus-group data from the Southern Immigrant Academic Adaptation (SIAA) study -- a multi-site, high school-based study conducted in North Carolina between 2006 and 2010. We held 34 focus groups with 139 participants from two rural and two urban high schools. In each community, at least seven focus groups were conducted to include non-Hispanics (1) black female and male students, (2) black parents, (3) white female and male students, (4) white parents, and (5) high school teachers. In each school, we identified different modes of incorporation linked with receiving-community acculturation strategies that included varying degrees of accommodation of heritage cultures and languages as well as cultural exchanges ranging from inclusionary to exclusionary.Discovering gene-treatment interactions in clinical trials is of rising interest in the era of precision medicine. Nonparametric statistical learning methods such as trees and random forests are useful tools for building prediction rules. In this article, we introduce trees and random forests to the recently proposed case-only approach for discovering gene-treatment interactions and estimating marker-specific treatment effects for a dichotomous trial endpoints. The motivational example is a case-control genetic association study in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), which tested the hypothesis whether finasteride can prevent prostate cancer. We compare this novel approach to the interaction tree method previously proposed. Because of the modeling simplicity - directly targeting at interaction - and the statistical efficiency of the case-only approach, case-only trees and random forests yield more accurate prediction of heterogeneous treatment effects and better measure of variable importance, relative to the interaction tree method which uses data from both cases and controls. Application of the proposed case-only trees and random forests to the PCPT study yielded a discovery of genotypes that may influence the prevention effect of finasteride.Asymmetric miktoarm star polymers comprising an unequal number of chemically-distinct blocks connected at a common junction produce unique material properties, yet existing synthetic strategies are beleaguered by complicated reaction schemes that are restricted in both monomer scope and yield. Here, we introduce a new synthetic approach coined "μSTAR" - Miktoarm Synthesis by Termination After Ring-opening metathesis polymerization - that circumvents these traditional synthetic limitations by constructing the block-block junction in a scalable, one-pot process involving (1) grafting-through polymerization of a macromonomer followed by (2) in-situ enyne-mediated termination to install a single mikto-arm with exceptional efficiency. This modular μSTAR platform cleanly generates AB n and A(BA') n miktoarm star polymers with unprecedented versatility in the selection of A and B chemistries as demonstrated using many common polymer building blocks poly(siloxane), poly(acrylate), poly(methacrylate), poly(ether), poly(ester), and poly(styrene).