n locating culprit tumours for TIO, superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT.Approximately 1.251.225 foreign-born migrants reside in Chile, including 183.315 children. This study compares mental health indicators in immigrant and non-immigrant children to understand the mental health effects of migration. A cross-sectional study of 634 students from Chilean schools was conducted. Fifty percent of the students were immigrants. The System for the Evaluation of Children and Adolescents was used to evaluate mental health. No significant differences were observed in mental health indicators between immigrant and non-immigrant children. At both elementary and secondary levels, immigrant students had higher rates of contextual problems (family problems and problems with peers) and lower scores in integration and social consequence. Immigrant students in elementary schools scored lower in self-esteem. The higher rates of contextual problems in immigrant children should be addressed through structural changes in migration policies, such as providing support for employment of parents, welfare assistance, and access to health systems.
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects approximately 30% of patients with diabetes mellitus type2 (T2D) and leads to increased morbidity, decreased survival and increased healthcare utilization. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of treating these patients with the sodium-glucose cotransporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin on survival and healthcare utilization.
 
  Actual survival and healthcare utilization data from a 5-year retrospective cohort study on patients with T2D and CVD in the Region of Östergötland, Sweden were used as a starting point. Actual data were adjusted in accordance with risk reductions for mortality and CV events related to empagliflozin treatment as reported in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study.
 
  Applying the risk reductions related to empagliflozin treatment on the cohort of patients with T2D and CVD in Östergötland resulted in an increase in 5-year survival of 96days per patient and reduced costs for healthcare and drugs other than empagliflozin. Including the cost of empagliflozin, treatment led to an increased net cost per patient of approximately SEK18,000 over 5years.
 
  Empagliflozin treatment would reduce mortality and healthcare utilization in the patient group. The treatment strategy should be considered cost-effective, supporting a broad implementation of empagliflozin for patients with T2D and established CVD, in line with current national and international guidelines.
 Empagliflozin treatment would reduce mortality and healthcare utilization in the patient group. The treatment strategy should be considered cost-effective, supporting a broad implementation of empagliflozin for patients with T2D and established CVD, in line with current national and international guidelines.Artificial grammar learning (AGL) paradigms are used extensively to characterise (neuro)cognitive bases of language learning.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/zeocin.html  However, despite their effectiveness in characterising the capacity to learn complex structured sequences, AGL paradigms lack ecological validity and typically do not account for cross-linguistic differences in sentence comprehension. Here, we describe a new modified miniature language paradigm - Mini Pinyin - that mimics natural language as it is based on an existing language (Mandarin Chinese) and includes both structure and meaning. Mini Pinyin contains a number of cross-linguistic elements, including varying word orders and classifier-noun rules. To evaluate the effectiveness of Mini Pinyin, 76 (mean age = 24.9; 26 female) monolingual native English speakers completed a learning phase followed by a sentence acceptability judgement task. Generalised mixed effects modelling revealed that participants attained a moderate degree of accuracy on the judgement task, with performance scores ranging from 25% to 100% accuracy depending on the word order of the sentence. Further, sentences compatible with the canonical English word order were learned more efficiently than non-canonical word orders. We controlled for inter-individual differences in statistical learning ability, which accounted for ~20% of the variance in performance on the sentence judgement task. We provide stimuli and statistical analysis scripts as open-source resources and discuss how future research can utilise this paradigm to study the neurobiological basis of language learning. Mini Pinyin affords a convenient tool for improving the future of language learning research by building on the parameters of traditional AGL or existing miniature language paradigms.In individuals with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), spasticity is one of the main symptoms. The neurological signs of the disease are well defined, but details of how spasticity appears in these individuals have not been well explored. To describe spasticity location and severity of HAM/TSP individuals. Cross-sectional study with individuals older than 18 years, diagnosed with HAM/TSP and with lower limb spasticity. Pregnant women, individuals with other associated neurological diseases, and those using antispastic drugs were not included. Spasticity was assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), applied to the abductor, adductor, flexor, and extensor muscles of the hips, flexors, and extensors of the knees, dorsiflexors, plantiflexors, evertors, and inverters of the foot. Thirty participants were included. The plantiflexor muscles (90%), knee extensors (80%), knee flexors (63,3%), and adductors (50%) were most frequently affected by spasticity. Twenty-three (76.7%) individuals had mixed spasticity, 5 (16.7%) with distal spasticity and 2 (6.7%) with proximal spasticity. MAS was similar between the lower limbs in at least 6 of the 10 muscle groups of each individual. Spasticity was mostly mixed in the lower limbs, with more frequently mild severity. The individuals were partially symmetrical between the lower limbs. The most affected muscle groups were the plantiflexors, knee extensors and flexors and the hip adductors, consecutively, being predominantly symmetrical.